The role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in cancer immunotherapy

Jiang, Wenxiao; Pan, Shuya; Chen, Xin; Wang, Zhi-wei; Zhu, Xueqiong

doi:10.1186/s12943-021-01406-7

Molecular Cancer

Table 1 LncRNAs in the regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway

From: The role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in cancer immunotherapy

LncRNA	Cancer	Functions	Sponge miRNA	Targets	PD-1/PD-L1	Ref
SNHG14	DLBCL	Promotes tumorigenesis and immune evasion	miR-5590-3p	ZEB1	Activates PD-1/PD-L1	[61]
MALAT1		Promotes tumorigenesis and immune escape, inactivates CD8 + T cells	miR-195	N/S	Increases PD-L1	[62]
EMX2OS	OC	Promotes tumorigenesis	miR-654	AKT3	Increases PD-L1	[65]
HOTTIP		Promotes immune escape and inactivates T cell immunity	N/S	c-Jun	Increases PD-L1	[67]
SNHG12		Promotes immune escape	miR-21	IL-6	Increases PD-L1	[68]
Lnc-OC1	EC	Promote tumorigenesis	miR-34a	N/S	Increases PD-L1	[69]
MEG3	EC	Inhibits tumorigenesis	miR-216a	N/S	Increases PD-L1	[70]
BCAR4	CC	Regulates the response to lapatinib	N/S	N/S	Increases PD-L1, PD-L2	[111]
SNHG15	GC	Promotes tumorigenesis and immune escape	miR-141	N/S	Increases PD-L1	[73]
HIF1A-AS2		Promotes tumorigenesis and immune escape	miR-429	N/S	Increases PD-L1	[75]
NUTM2A-AS1		Promotes tumorigenesis, immune escape and drug resistance	miR-376a	TET1, HIF-1A	Increases PD-L1	[74]
MIAT	HCC	Promotes immune escape, regulate sensitivity to sorafenib	N/S	AK2, SLC6A6, KCND1, MEIS3, RIN1	Increases PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA4	[79]
CASC11		Promotes cell proliferation, mobility, and glucose metabolism	N/S	NF-κB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR	Increases PD-L1	[80]
PCED1B-AS1		Promotes immune escape, inactivates receipt T cells and macrophages	hsa-mir-194-5p	N/S	Increases PD-L1, PD-L2	[77]
RP11-424C20.2I		Promotes immune escape	miR-378a-3p	UHRF1	Increases CLTA-4, PD-L1	[81]
XIST			miR-194-5p, miR-155-5p	N/S	Increases PD-L1	[83]
KCNQ1OT1		Promotes sorafenib resistance and immune escape	miR-506	N/S	Increases PD-L1	[82]
PMSB8-AS1	PC	Promotes proliferation, invasion, and migration	miR-382-3p	STAT1	Increases PD-L1	[84]
INC00473		Induces cancer progression and inactivate CD8+ T cells	miR-195-5p	Bax, IFN-γ, IL-4; Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, IL-10	Increases PD-L1	[85]
MIR17HG	CRC	Promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis	miR-375	NF-κB/RELA	Increases PD-L1	[110]
lncRNA C5orf64	LAD		N/S	N/S	Increases PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and immune cells	[86]
FGD5-AS1		Promotes tumorigenesis and resistance to cisplatin	miR-142	N/S	Increases PD-L1	[87]
NKX2-1-AS1		Inhibits cell migration	N/S	NKX2-1, cell adhesion molecules	Decreases PD-L1	[88]
MALAT1	NSCLC	Promotes cancer progression	miR-200a-3p	N/S	Increases PD-L1	[89]
ZFPM2-AS1		Promotes tumorigenesis	N/S	ZFPM2, JAK-STAT, Akt	Increases PD-L1	[90]
lncAMPC	PCa	Promotes malignant progression and immunosuppression	miR-637	Jak1-STAT3,LIF/LIFR	Increases PD-L1	[92]
KCNQ1OT1		Promotes malignant progression and inactivate CD8 + T cells	miR-15a	N/S	Increases PD-L1	[91]
UCA1	BLC	Promotes tumor progression, activate DCs and cytokines			Decreases PD-L1	[93]
GATA3-AS1	TNBC	Promotes cell progression and immune evasion	miR-676-3p	COPS5	Increases PD-L1, decreases GATA3	[97]
LINK-A	TNBC	Resistant to PD-1 blockade		PLC, Rb, p53		[96]
TCL6	BC	Promotes immune cell infiltration, related to poor survival	N/S	N/S	Increases PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4	[98]
RP11-424C20.2	Thy	Indicates a better prognosis regulate infiltrating immune cell	miR-378a-3p	UHRF1	CLTA-4 and PD-L1	[81]
XLOC_003810	MG-T	promotes T cell activation			inhibits PD-1/PD-L1	[99]
INCR1		Inhibits immune responses		IFN gamma signaling	Increases PD-L1	[101]
AC131097.3	HNSCC	Promotes carcinogenesis		DNA methylation	Increases PD-1	[102]
lncMX1-215		Inhibits immune escape, cell proliferation and metastasis		H3K27 acetylation	Decreases PD-L1	[103]
AFAP1-AS1	NPC	Metastasis and poor prognosis				[104]
HOXA-AS2		Promotes cell proliferation, invasion, migration	miR-519	HIF-1α	Increase PD-L1	[105]
SNHG20	ESCC	Promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT	N/S	ATM/JAK	Increase PD-L1	[107]
RP11-571M6.8	GBM	Promotes immune evasion, indicates a poor survival	N/S	N/S	PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4	[112]
UCA1	ATC	Inactivates cytotoxic CD8 + T cells, inhibit cytokine secretion	miR-148a	N/S	Increase PD-L1	[109]

BC Breast cancer, BLC Bladder cancer, DLBCL Diffuse large B cell lymphoma, CC Cervical cancer, CRC Colorectal cancer, OC Ovarian cancer, ZEB1 Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1, EC Endometrial cancer, GBM Glioblastoma multiforme, PC Pancreatic cancer, LAD Lung adenocarcinoma, MG-T Myasthenia gravis-related thymoma, THY Thymomas, TNBC Triple-negative breast cancer, MG-T Myasthenia gravis-related thymoma, HNSCC Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

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