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Table 1 Different types of circRNAs

From: Circular RNAs’ cap-independent translation protein and its roles in carcinomas

Categories

Composition characteristics

Main positioning

The main function

Ref.

CiRNAs

Intron splicing

Nucleus

Participate in regulating the expression of its parental genes

[20]

EcircRNAs

Exon splicing

Cytoplasm

As a sponge of miRNA or interact with RBPs

[34]

EIciRNAs

Contains introns and exons

Nucleus

Promote the transcription of its host gene by interacting with U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)

[22]

f−circRNAs

Linear fusion transcript derived from genome rearrangement (chromosomal translocation)

Cytoplasm and nucleus

Contribute to cell transformation, promote cell viability and drug resistance after treatment, and have tumor-promoting properties in in vivo models

[23]

rt− circRNAs

Coding exons of two adjacent and similarly oriented genes (read-through transcription)

Cytoplasm

To be elucidated, it may be a mechanism of gene regulation in a specific environment; it may be a mechanism of protein complex evolution

[26]

mecciRNAs

Mitochondrial Genome

Mitochondria inside and outside

As a molecular chaperone, it helps to fold nuclear-encoded proteins and facilitate their entry into the mitochondria.

[45]