Fig. 1From: Patient derived organoids in prostate cancer: improving therapeutic efficacy in precision medicinePatient derived in vitro preclinical models of PCa. Based on the starting material and culture conditions, PCa preclinical models are classified into four major types. A Spheroids are 3D cultures which constitute established PCa cell lines grown in serum supplemented media within low-attachment dishes/multiwell plates. B Tumorospheres are obtained by propagation of dissociated single cancer stem-like cells cultured with growth factors in serum-free media and can be propagated in agar. C Organotypic slice cultures are obtained from slicing patient tissue biopsies or surgical specimen and grown on scaffolds such as the wound healing sponge or grids. They are also called patient derived explants (PDEs) and include the cells of tumor microenvironment along with the tumor cells. D Organoids are grown in extracellular matrix such as Matrigel embedded droplets supplemented with growth factors and serum-free media. Patient derived organoids (PDOs) represent the tissue architecture of original prostate. The diagram displays different prostate tumor and microenvironmental cell types, culture media, and vessel types. The diagram was created with BioRender.comBack to article page