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Fig. 3 | Molecular Cancer

Fig. 3

From: Patient derived organoids in prostate cancer: improving therapeutic efficacy in precision medicine

Fig. 3

Proposed workflow for the utilization of PCa PDOs for testing treatment efficiency in precision medicine. Patient tumor biopsy or radical prostatectomy tissues are collected and sliced with precision to allow for DNA/RNA sequencing and live cell collection for organoid development. Tumor foci are mapped by H&E from core biopsies prior to radical prostatectomy. Using mirror sections, the region corresponding to mapped tumor foci are used to collect live tissues for generating PDOs. When available, immune cells from the patient blood can be cocultured with tumor cells and/or utilized to generate human immune system in humanized mice. Drug HTS for targeted therapy against actionable mutations can be tested. Simultaneously, PDOs can be engrafted in mice, with or without the human immune system, to validate drug sensitivities and observe the effect of tumor microenvironment. Results can then be translated to the clinic to facilitate precision medicine-based therapies. In the event of tumor recurrence or drug resistance in the patient, the preserved PDOs could be regenerated, validated with liquid biopsy for maintaining parity with the recurrent tumor, and similar or additional drug sensitivity assays can be reinstated to guide the next lines of therapy

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