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Fig. 3 | Molecular Cancer

Fig. 3

From: Application of the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing technique in basic research, diagnosis, and therapy of cancer

Fig. 3

Development history of the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing tools. The “CRISPR” repeat sequence was reported in 1987 and named in 2002. In 2012, in vitro experiments demonstrated that mature crRNA formed a special double-stranded RNA structure with tracrRNA by base complementary pairing, thus directing Cas9 protein to cause double-stranded fracture on the target DNA. In 2013, the type II Cas system was applied to the cutting of DNA in mammalian cells, which paved the way for the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for gene editing. Since then, the CRISPR/Cas9 technology developed rapidly, and several CRISPR/Cas9-based tools were generated for gene editing at both DNA and RNA levels by 2020

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