From: Crosstalk between autophagy and microbiota in cancer progression
System | Cancer type | Microbiota | Tumor promotion /Tumor suppression | Tumor Behavior | Molecular Mechanism | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Digestive System | Colorectal Cancer | Fusobacterium nucleatum | Tumor promotion | Proliferation and invasion | F. nucleatum regulates E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote colorectal proliferation and invasion. | [52] |
 |  | Tumor promotion | Proliferation | F. nucleatum activates TLR4 and upregulates miR-21 to promote colorectal cancer proliferation. | [55] | |
 | Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) | Tumor promotion | Tumorigenesis | ETBF selectively activates STAT3 and induces TH17 inflammatory infiltrates for enhancing tumor growth. | [57] | |
 | Peptostreptococcus anaerobius | Tumor promotion | Proliferation and dysplasia | P. anaerobius interacts with TLR2 and TLR4 to increase intracellular ROS level, thus increases colon proliferation and dysplasia. | [59] | |
 |  | Tumor promotion | Initiation and proliferation | P. anaerobius drives CRC tumorigenesis via PCWBR2/ PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling axis. | [60] | |
 | Campylobacter jejuni | Tumor promotion | Initiation and proliferation | C. jejuni induces DNA damage and promotes colorectal tumorigenesis and growth via cytolethal distending toxin. | [51] | |
 | Streptococcus gallolyticus | Tumor promotion | Initiation | S. gallolyticus promotes normal or premalignant colorectal tissues into malignant tumor via IL-1, COX-2, and IL-8 induction. | [61] | |
 | Clostridium butyricum | Tumor suppression | Proliferation and metastasis | C. butyricum inhibits intestinal tumor development by modulating Wnt signaling and gut microbiota. | [62] | |
 | Bacteroides fragilis | Tumor suppression | Cancer development | B. fragilis prevents colitis-associated CRC by inhibiting the expression of CCR5. | [63] | |
 | Streptococcus thermophilus | Tumor suppression | Tumorigenesis | S. thermophilus secretes β-Galactosidase to inhibit tumorigenesis. | [64] | |
Gastric Cancer | Helicobacter pylori | Tumor promotion | Invasion | H. pylori infection increase VCAM1 expression in CAFs via JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway to facilitate tumor invasion. | [53] | |
Esophageal Carcinoma | Porphyromonas gingivalis | Tumor promotion | Proliferation and migration | P. gingivalis promote ESCC proliferation and migration via the miR-194/GRHL3/PTEN/ AKT signaling axis | [43] | |
Pancreatic Cancer | Porphyromonas gingivalis | Tumor promotion | Proliferation | P. gingivalis enhances tumor cell proliferation through strengthening AKT signaling and Cyclin D1 expression. | [49] | |
Liver Cancer | Helicobacter hepaticus | Tumor promotion | Proliferation | H. hepaticus promotes HCC by activating NF-κB regulated networks associated with innate and Th1-type adaptive immunity. | [65] | |
Oral Cancer | Porphyromonas gingivalis | Tumor suppression | Proliferation | P. gingivalis inhibits proliferation of oral cancer cells by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest. | [35] | |
 |  | Tumor promotion | Proliferation | P. gingivalis actives the miR-21/PDCD4/AP-1 signaling pathway to promote the proliferation of oral cancer. | [66] | |
Non-Digestive System | Lung Cancer | Herbaspirillum | Tumor promotion | Proliferation | Herbaspirillum stimulates IL-1β and IL-23 production, induces activation of Vγ6+Vδ1+ γδ T cells and tumor cell proliferation. | [67] |
 | Veillonella | Tumor promotion | Cancer development | Veillonella activates PI3K signaling pathway to participate in tumor development. | [68] | |
Breast Cancer | Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) | Tumor promotion | Proliferation and migration | ETBF triggers breast cancer growth and metastasis through β-catenin and Notch1 pathways. | [69] | |
 | Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | Tumor suppression | Proliferation | F. prausnitzii suppresses the growth of breast cancer cells through inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 pathway. | [70] |