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Fig. 1 | Molecular Cancer

Fig. 1

From: Epigenetic modulation of antitumor immunity for improved cancer immunotherapy

Fig. 1

Overview of balanced states of transcription status maintained by the versatile chromatin proteins and histone posttranslational modifications, as well as DNA methylation in the promoter region. The histone-modifying enzymes can be divided into two classes for activation and repression. The chromatin states are maintained and balanced by a number of activation marks and repression marks. Histone marks highlighted in bold represent hallmarks of euchromatin (H4K16ac) and heterochromatin (H3K9me3 and H3K27me3), respectively. DNA methylation and histone modifications on the promoter region cross-talks [44], to dictate the transcriptional activity of the gene. The repressive marks may include H3K9me3, H3K27me3, H4K20me2/3, H2AK119ub, H3R2me, biotinylation, sumoylation and citrullination, while activation markers may include H3K4me1/2/3, H3K9me1, H3K27me1, H4k20me1, H3K36me1/2/3, H3K79me1/2/3, H3K27ac and butyrylation [45]

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