Fig. 6

CXCL12 is associated with anti-PD-1 resistance in gastric cancer. a C57BL/6 mice were injected with different cells and treated with 0.9% normal saline (NS), AMD3100 (CXCR4 inhibitor), or anti-PD-1, and the tumor volume was measured at the indicated times. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, two-way ANOVA test, multigroup comparisons were adjusted using the Bonferroni method. b C57BL/6 mice were injected with different cells and treated with 0.9% NS, AMD3100, or anti-PD-1. The mice were sacrificed, and metastatic nodules in the lung were determined. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, one-way ANOVA test for the comparison of all groups, followed by one-way ANOVA test for the comparison of more than two groups or Student’s t-test for the comparison of two groups (marked in the figure). Multigroup comparisons were adjusted using the Bonferroni method. c Cumulative survival time was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and the log-rank test was applied to compare the groups. Multigroup comparisons were adjusted using the Bonferroni method, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. d-f Flow cytometric analysis of immune cells in subcutaneous tumors was performed to evaluate the number of CD8⁺ T cells, IFNg⁺ cells, and MDSCs in different groups. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, one-way ANOVA test for the comparison of all groups, followed by one-way ANOVA test for the comparison of more than two groups or Student’s t-test for the comparison of two groups (marked in the figure). Multigroup comparisons were adjusted using the Bonferroni method. g Representative image of CXCL12 expression evaluated by IHC in gastric cancer tissues. Scale bar, 50 μm. h The association between CXCL12 expression and anti-PD-1 efficacy. P = 0.06, Student’s t-test. i The survival curve in mice with different CXCL12 expression levels. P = 0.04, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis