Fig. 2
From: Expanding uncapped translation and emerging function of circular RNA in carcinomas and noncarcinomas
Translation mechanism of circular RNA. A IRES initiated translation of circular RNA. IRES is recognized and bond by eIF4G2 and acted as scaffold together with eIF4A and eIF4B for assembling 43S initiation complex including 40S ribosomal subunit and combination of eIF4G2 and eIFs complex to encounter start codon ATG for translation initiation and synthesis, which may be assisted with ITAFs (IRES trans-acting factors). B MIRES initiated translation of circular RNA. The m6A motif in circRNA is recognized by a m6A reader YTH domain family protein 3 (YTHDF3) to recruit eIF4G2 together with eIF4A and eIF4B for assembling 43S initiation complex including 40S ribosomal subunit and combination of eIF4G2 and eIFs complex to encounter ATG for translation initiation and synthesis. C circRNA harboring an infinite ORF and start codon ATG enables continuous translation termed rolling circle amplification without IRES element and stop codon, which can be terminated by a complex system named “programmed-1 ribosomal frameshifting”(-1PRF)-mediated out of-frame stop codon (OSC)