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Fig. 3 | Molecular Cancer

Fig. 3

From: Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions

Fig. 3

Therapies regulating the cancer-immunity cycle. The cancer-immunity cycle starts with cancer antigen release and ends with cancer cell-killing by immune cells. Each step in the cycle is regulated by various factors. The stimulatory factors (shown in green) enhance antitumor immunity, while the inhibitory factors (shown in red) undermine antitumor immunity. These factors provide potential therapeutic targets to promote antitumor immunity. The figure presents some of therapies regulating the cancer-immunity cycle. Abbreviations: CAF, cancer-associated fibroblasts; PARP, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; DSB, double-strand break; STING, stimulator of interferon genes; A2AR, adenosine 2A receptor

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