Table 1 The function of m6A methylation enzymes in RNA metabolism
Type | Factor | Full name | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
M6A Writers | METTL3 | Methyltransferase-like 3 | Catalyzes m6A modification |
METTL14 | Methyltransferase-like 14 | A core subunit of m6A methyltransferase, form heterodimer with METTL3 to catalyze m6A modification | |
WTAP | Wilms tumor 1- associated protein | Regulatory subunit of m6A methyltransferase and recruits METTL3 and METTL14 into the nuclear speckles | |
VIRMA (KIAA1429) | Vir-like m6A methyltransferase associated | Recruits METTL3 and METTL14 and guides m6A methylation at specific sites to facilitate m6A installation, thus inducing mRNA splicing and RNA processing | |
METTL16 | Methyltransferase-like 16 | Catalyzes m6A modification | |
RBM15 | RNA binding motif protein 15 | Directs METTL3-METTL14 heterodimer to specific RNA sites | |
RBM15B | RNA binding motif protein 15B | Directs METTL3-METTL14 heterodimer to specific RNA sites | |
M6A Erasers | FTO | Fat mass and obesity-associated | Acts as m6A demethylase to promote mRNA splicing and translation |
ALKBH5 | AlkB homologue 5 | Removes m6A modification to promote mRNA nuclear processing and mRNA export | |
ALKBH1 | AlkB homologue 1 | Removes m6A modification to act as tRNA demethylase by removing N(1)-methyladenine, regulating translation initiation and elongation | |
M6A Readers | YTHDF1 | YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 | Promotes mRNA translation initiation |
YTHDF2 | YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2 | Promotes mRNA degradation | |
YTHDF3 | YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 3 | Interacts with YTHDF1 to promote mRNA translation or interacts with YTHDF2 to promote mRNA degradation | |
YTHDC1 | YTH domain containing 1 | Promotes mRNA splicing and transcriptional silencing | |
YTHDC2 | YTH domain containing 2 | Improves the translation efficiency of target mRNA | |
eIF3 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit A | Promotes mRNA translation | |
IGF2BP1/2/3 | Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1/2/3 | Promotes the stability and translation of mRNA | |
HNRNPA2B1 | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 | Promotes primary miRNA processing and mRNA splicing |