Fig. 6

DHPO inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth and metastasis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. a The protein expression levels of IκBα, phosphorylated IκBα, NF-κB p65, and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 were detected by western blotting analysis after treatment with DHPO for 24 h and stimulation with TNF-α (20 nM) for another 15 min. b The effects of DHPO on the expression and distribution of NF-κB p65 were explored by immunofluorescence in the indicated cells with or without TNF-α (20 nM) stimulation. c The protein expression levels of IκBα, phosphorylated IκBα, NF-κB p65, phosphorylated NF-κB p65, and downstream target gene products (c-Myc and Mcl-1) of NF-κB pathway were detected by western blotting analysis after DHPO treatment for 24 h. d and e The relative mRNA levels of indicated genes in Panc1 and SW1990 cells were determined by real-time qRT-PCR. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001