Table 1 Biological functions of exosomal nucleic acids and proteins in CRC

miR-125a-3p,

miR-320c

plasma

up

NA

Early diagnostic biomarker

[123]

miR-17-92a,

miR-19a

serum

up

NA

Early diagnostic biomarker

[124]]

miR-27a,

miR-130a

plasma

up

NA

Early diagnostic biomarker

prognostic biomarker

[125]

miR-193a-5p

plasma

down

CUX1 and ITSN1

Early diagnostic biomarker

[126]

miR-23b

plasma

down

NA

Early diagnostic biomarker

[127]

miR-99b-5p,

miR-150-5p

serum

down

NA

Early diagnostic biomarker

[128]

miR-760,

miR-29a,

miR-92a

plasma

down

NA

Early diagnostic biomarker

[129]

miR-1229,

miR-25-3p

serum

up

HIPK2/ VEGF pathway

Predict OS,

Promote angiogenesis

[130]

miR-17-5p,

miR-92a-3p

serum

up

NA

prognostic biomarker

[131]

miR-548c-5p

serum

down

NA

prognostic biomarker

[132]

miR-638

serum

down

NA

prognostic biomarker

[133]

miR-135a-5p

serum/plasma

up

LATS2-YAP-MMP7

promote occurrences of CRLM

[134]

miR-33a-5p,

miR-210-3p

serum

down

NA

oxaliplatin sensitivity

[135]

miR-208b

serum

down

PDCD4

oxaliplatin sensitivity

[136]

miR-100,

miR-92a,

miR-16,

miR-30e,

miR-144-5p,

let-7i

plasma

down

PI3K-AKT,

AMPK,

FoxO pathway

oxaliplatin resistance

[137]

miR-486-5p, miR-181a-5p,

miR-30d-5p

plasma

down

NA

promote tumor progression

[138]

miR-210-3p

plasma

up

CELF2

promote tumor progression

[139]

LNCV6_116109, LNCV6_98390, LNCV6_38772, LNCV_108266, LNCV6_84003, LNCV6_98602.

plasma

up

NA

early diagnostic biomarker

[140]

FOXD2-AS1, NRIR,

XLOC_009459

serum

up

NA

early diagnostic biomarker

[141]

NNT-AS1

serum

up

miR-496/RAP2C

diagnostic biomarker, therapeutic target

[142]

H19

serum

up

miR-141/β-catenin pathway

promote stemness, oxaliplatin chemoresistance

[143]

CCAL

serum

up

HuR/β-catenin pathway

oxaliplatin resistance

[144]

UCA1

serum

up

NA

cetuximab resistance

[145]

HOTTIP

serum

up

miR-214/ KPNA3

mitomycin resistance

[146]

circ_0004771

serum

up

NA

early diagnostic biomarker

[147]

circFMN2

serum

up

miR-1182/ hTERT pathway

promote tumor progression

[148]

circ-133

plasma

up

miR-133a/GEF-H1/RhoA

promote tumor metastasis

[149]

circPACRGL

plasma

up

miR-142-3p/miR-506-3P-TGF-1

promote proliferation and invasion

[150]

circ-ABCC1

plasma

up

β-catenin/Wnt pathway

promote tumor progression

[151]

circ-FBXW7

plasma

down

miR-128-3p

oxaliplatin sensitivity

[152]

circ_0000338

plasma

up

miR-217/miR-485-3p

5-FU resistance

[153]

ciRS-122

plasma

up

miR-122/PKM2

oxaliplatin resistance

[154]

CPNE3

plasma

up

NA

diagnostic biomarker,

prognostic biomarker

[155]

QSOX1

serum

down

NA

early diagnostic biomarker

[156]

PrP(C)

serum

up

NA

therapeutic target

[157]