Exosome biogenesis: machinery, regulation, and therapeutic implications in cancer

Table 1 Genes modulating exosome biogenesis and their roles in cancer

	Genes	Roles	Targets or pathways	Cancer cell types	Refs
Cargo sorting	hnRNPA2B1	Oncogene	miR-122-5p, circNEIL3	NSCLC, glioma	[86, 151]
	hnRNPK	Oncogene	miR-148a-3p	Prostate cancer	[45]
	hnRNPH1	Oncogene	-	Prostate cancer	[152]
	hnRNPA1	Oncogene	lncRNA ELNAT1	Bladder cancer	[85]
	MVP	Oncogene	miR-193a	Colon cancer	[83]
	Hsp90	Oncogene	Rab22a-NeoF1	Osteosarcoma	[75]
ILV formation	Hrs	Oncogene	ESCRT dependent	HNSCC, breast cancer	[128]
	HD-PTP	Suppressor	ESCRT dependent	HeLa cell	[28, 143]
	Vps4A	Suppressor	ESCRT dependent	HCC	[32]
	SRC	Oncogene	Syndecan-Syntenin-Alix	CML, breast cancer	[147]
	Heparanase	Oncogene	Syndecan-Syntenin-Alix	Glioma	[148]
	Ral	Oncogene	Syndecan-Syntenin-Alix	Breast cancer	[146]
	TSPN6	Suppressor	Syntenin dependent	CRC	[149]
	Caveolin-1	Oncogene	ESCRT independent	Prostate and breast cancer	[44, 45]
	Rab31/ Flotillins	Oncogene	ESCRT independent	NCI-H1975, MDA-MB231, and HeLa cells	[50]
	Rab35	Oncogene	ESCRT independent	HCC	[135]
MVB transport and fusion	Rab27a/b	Oncogene	Docking	HNSCC, HCC, cervical, ovarian, breast, Melanoma, bladder and lung cancer	[153, 154]
	Rab17	Oncogene	-	NSCLC	[120]
	Rab7	Oncogene	Syndecan-Syntenin-Alix, ER-endosome contact sites	Breast cancer	[20, 104]
	Cortactin	Oncogene	F-actin reorganization	NSCLC, breast cancer	[129, 132]
	Syt7	Oncogene	MVB-plasma membrane Fusion	NSCLC, breast cancer	[104, 128]
	Munc13–4	Oncogene	MVB maturation	Breast cancer	[98]
	Exocyst	Oncogenes	MVB-PM Fusion	HNSCC	[119]

Note: The name of the cancer cell line is listed here only when no more cell lines of the same cancer type were used
CML Chronic myeloid leukemia, HNSCC Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma, NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer, CRC Colorectal cancer, OSCC Oral squamous cell carcinoma

ISSN: 1476-4598