Table 1 Systemic biomarkers in MM
From: Circulating biosignatures in multiple myeloma and their role in multidrug resistance
Systemic Markers | Clinical indication | Application |
|---|---|---|
M Protein | Tumour burden | Staging |
Light chains | Tumour burden | Staging |
Beta 2 microglobulin | Tumour burden | Staging |
Serum CD138, circulating plasma cells, cell free DNA | Tumour burden/minimal residual disease (MRD) | Staging and prognosis |
C Reactive Protein, interlukin 6 and receptor (IL-6 and ILR) | Inflammation | Disease progression, |
ThymidineKinase/Lactate dehydrogenase | Tumour burden | Prognosis |
Bone markers (PICP, ICTP) | Bone Physiology | Diagnosis and Prognosis, disease progression |
Serum Creatinine | Renal function | Diagnosis and Prognosis, disease progression |