Gene | Full name | Subcellular locations | Functions | Role in cuproptosis | Clinical values | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FDX1 | Ferredoxin 1 | Mitochondrion matrix | Fe-S cluster biosynthesis ruduce Cu(II) to Cu(I) synthesis of various steroid hormones electron transport intermediate for mitochondrial cytochromes P450 | act as the upstream of LA pathway ruduce Cu(II) to Cu(I) | FDX1 high expression correlaed with better prognosis in many cancers | |
LIAS | Lipoic Acid Synthetase | Mitochondrion | converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives | Regulated by FDX1, and involved in lipoylation pathway | LIAS high expression led to worse OS and FP, and correlated with more advanced lung cancer staging | |
LIPT1 | Lipoyltransferase 1 | Mitochondrion | Catalyzes the transfer of the lipoyl group from lipoyl-AMP to the specific lysine residue of lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes | Regulated by FDX1, and involved in lipoylation of DLAT | LIPT1 high expression led to better prognosis | |
DLD | Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase | mitochondrion and nucleus | E3 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex | not montioned | NA | |
DLAT | Dihydrolipoamide S-Acetyltransferase | Mitochondrion matrix | component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mediate the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA | under the influence of copper, lipoylated DLAT oligomerization lead to cell death | NA | [107] |
PDHA1 | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 Subunit Alpha 1 | Mitochondrion matrix | component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mediate the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA | not montioned | PDHA1 high expression led to worse OS and FP in LUAD and low expression correlaed with HCC | [108] |
PDHB | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 Subunit Beta | Mitochondrion matrix | component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mediate the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA | not montioned | NA | NA |
MTF1 | Metal Regulatory Transcription Factor 1 | Nucleus and Cytoplasm | Zinc-dependent transcriptional regulator for metal ions adaption | knock out lead to sensitive of cuproptosis | NA | [109] |
GLS | Glutaminase | Mitochondrion. Cytoplasm and cytosol | Catalyzes the catabolism of glutamine | knock out lead to sensitive of cuproptosis | GLS high expression led to worse OS | |
CDKN2A | Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A | Nucleus and Cytosol | inducing cell cycle arrest in G1 and G2 phases | knock out lead to sensitive of cuproptosis | CDKN2A higher expression led to risk in LUAD but protective function in BRCA | |
SLC31A1 | Solute Carrier Family 31 Member 1 | Cell membrane | High-affinity, saturable copper transporter involved in dietary copper uptake | overactivaiton lead to intracellular copper accumulation | SLC31A1 alleles were associated with a worse prognosis in LUAD and BRCA | |
ATP7A | ATPase Copper Transporting Alpha | Cell membrane, trans-Golgi network membrane, plasma membrane | ATP-driven copper ion pump | knock out lead to intracellular copper accumulation | NA | [119] |
ATP7B | ATPase Copper Transporting Beta | Cell membrane, trans-Golgi network and membrane | ATP-driven copper ion pump | knock out lead to intracellular copper accumulation | ATP7B alleles were associated with a decreased risk of LUAD |