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Table 1 Functions and clinical values of cuproptosis validated genes

From: Cuproptosis: mechanisms and links with cancers

Gene

Full name

Subcellular locations

Functions

Role in cuproptosis

Clinical values

Ref

FDX1

Ferredoxin 1

Mitochondrion matrix

Fe-S cluster biosynthesis ruduce Cu(II) to Cu(I) synthesis of various steroid hormones electron transport intermediate for mitochondrial cytochromes P450

act as the upstream of LA pathway ruduce Cu(II) to Cu(I)

FDX1 high expression correlaed with better prognosis in many cancers

[14, 91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99]

LIAS

Lipoic Acid Synthetase

Mitochondrion

converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives

Regulated by FDX1, and involved in lipoylation pathway

LIAS high expression led to worse OS and FP, and correlated with more advanced lung cancer staging

[100, 101]

LIPT1

Lipoyltransferase 1

Mitochondrion

Catalyzes the transfer of the lipoyl group from lipoyl-AMP to the specific lysine residue of lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes

Regulated by FDX1, and involved in lipoylation of DLAT

LIPT1 high expression led to better prognosis

[102,103,104]

DLD

Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase

mitochondrion and nucleus

E3 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

not montioned

NA

[105, 106]

DLAT

Dihydrolipoamide S-Acetyltransferase

Mitochondrion matrix

component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mediate the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

under the influence of copper, lipoylated DLAT oligomerization lead to cell death

NA

[107]

PDHA1

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 Subunit Alpha 1

Mitochondrion matrix

component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mediate the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

not montioned

PDHA1 high expression led to worse OS and FP in LUAD and low expression correlaed with HCC

[108]

PDHB

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 Subunit Beta

Mitochondrion matrix

component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mediate the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

not montioned

NA

NA

MTF1

Metal Regulatory Transcription Factor 1

Nucleus and Cytoplasm

Zinc-dependent transcriptional regulator for metal ions adaption

knock out lead to sensitive of cuproptosis

NA

[109]

GLS

Glutaminase

Mitochondrion. Cytoplasm and cytosol

Catalyzes the catabolism of glutamine

knock out lead to sensitive of cuproptosis

GLS high expression led to worse OS

[110, 111]

CDKN2A

Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A

Nucleus and Cytosol

inducing cell cycle arrest in G1 and G2 phases

knock out lead to sensitive of cuproptosis

CDKN2A higher expression led to risk in LUAD but protective function in BRCA

[112,113,114]

SLC31A1

Solute Carrier Family 31 Member 1

Cell membrane

High-affinity, saturable copper transporter involved in dietary copper uptake

overactivaiton lead to intracellular copper accumulation

SLC31A1 alleles were associated with a worse prognosis in LUAD and BRCA

[112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120]

ATP7A

ATPase Copper Transporting Alpha

Cell membrane, trans-Golgi network membrane, plasma membrane

ATP-driven copper ion pump

knock out lead to intracellular copper accumulation

NA

[119]

ATP7B

ATPase Copper Transporting Beta

Cell membrane, trans-Golgi network and membrane

ATP-driven copper ion pump

knock out lead to intracellular copper accumulation

ATP7B alleles were associated with a decreased risk of LUAD

[99, 118]