Targeting RNA N6-methyladenosine to synergize with immune checkpoint therapy

Table 1 Functions of m⁶A regulators

Type	Modulator	Function	References
Writer	METTL3	Catalyzes m⁶A methylation	[14]
	METTL14	Stabilizes METTL3 and recognizes target RNAs	[15]
	WTAP	Provides a structural support to stabilize the MTC, and recruits METTL3 and METTL14 to nuclear speckles	[16]
	VIRMA	Locates the MTC near the 3' UTR and stop codon regions of RNAs	[17]
	RBM15/15B	Recruits METTL3 and WTAP to specific RNA sites	[17, 18]
	ZC3H13	Retains the MTC in nuclear speckles by interacting with WTAP and improves the catalytic function of the MTC	[18, 19]
	ZCCHC4	Adds m⁶A to the 28S ribosome rRNAs	[20]
	CBLL1	Stays attached with additional regulators and regulates m⁶A modification	[19]
	METTL5	Participates in 18S rRNA m⁶A modification	[21]
	METTL16	Catalyzes m⁶A installation in the 3' UTR of mRNA and A43 of U6 snRNA	[23, 24]
Eraser	FTO	Removes m⁶A from RNAs	[28]
	ALKBH5	Removes m⁶A from RNAs	[29]
	ALKBH3	Removes m⁶A from tRNAs or acts as an m1A demethylase	[42, 43, 139]
Reader	YTHDF1	Initiates RNA translation	[45]
	YTHDF2	Mediates mRNA degradation	[46]
	YTHDF3	Acts as fortifier to YTHDF1 and YTHDF2	[47]
	YTHDC1	Promotes RNA splicing and exporting, and mediates X-chromosome silencing	[48, 49]
	YTHDC2	Increases the translation capacity and decreases the abundance of target mRNAs	[51]
	IGF2BP1/2/3	Promotes the translation and stability of target mRNAs	[52]
	HNRNPA2B1	Promotes primary miRNAs processing and regulates RNA exporting	[53]
	HNRNPC/G	Modulates the abundance and splicing of target mRNAs	[54]

ISSN: 1476-4598