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Table 2 Changes of major immune cell infiltration compared with normal tissue

From: The tumor ecosystem in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and advances in ecotherapy

Cell types

HPV-positive

HPV-negative

CD4+ T cells

↑

↓

Th1 cells

↑

↑

Th2 cells

↑↑

↑↑

Tregs

↑

-

CD8+ T cells

↑↑

↑

B cells

↑↑

-

DCs

-

-

NK cells

-

↓

NKT cells

↑↑

↑

Neutrophils

-

-

Monocytes

-

-

Macrophages

↑↑

↑

Plasma cells

↑↑

-

  1. Th1 cell, T helper 1 cell; DC, dendritic cell; NK cell, natural killer cell