The functional role of long non-coding RNA in human carcinomas

Table 1 Types of human non-coding RNAs

Type	Subclasses	Symbol	References
	Transfer RNAs	tRNAs	[222]
	MicroRNAs	miRNAs	[33, 34]
	Ribosomal 5S and 5.8S RNAs	rRNAs	[223, 224]
	Piwi interacting RNAs	piRNAs	[38, 225]
	Tiny transcription initiation RNAs	tiRNAs	[39, 40]
	Small interfering RNAs	siRNA	[32]
	Promoter-associated short RNAs	PASRs	[144, 149]
	Termini-associated short RNAs	TASRs	[144, 149]
	Antisense termini associated short RNAs	aTASRs	[226]
Small ncRNA (18 to 200 nt in size)	Small nucleolar RNAs	snoRNAs	[227, 228]
	Transcription start site antisense RNAs	TSSa-RNAs	[229]
	Small nuclear RNAs	snRNAs	[230]
	Retrotransposon-derived RNAs	RE-RNAs	[231, 232]
	3'UTR-derived RNAs	uaRNAs	[145]
	x-ncRNA	x-ncRNA	[233]
	Human Y RNA	hY RNA	[234]
	Unusually small RNAs	usRNAs	[235]
	Small NF90-associated RNAs	snaRs	[236, 237]
	Vault RNAs	vtRNAs	[238]
	Ribosomal 18S and 28S RNAs	rRNAs	[223, 224]
	Long or large intergenic ncRNAs	lincRNAs	[8, 58]
	Transcribed ultraconserved regions	T-UCRs	[85]
	Pseudogenes	none	[239, 240]
	GAA-repeat containing RNAs	GRC-RNAs	[241]
Long ncRNA (lncRNAs, 200 nt to >100 kb in size)	Long intronic ncRNAs	none	[242, 243]
	Antisense RNAs	aRNAs	[244]
	Promoter-associated long RNAs	PALRs	[144, 149]
	Promoter upstream transcripts	PROMPTs	[245]
	Stable excised intron RNAs	none	[56]
	Long stress-induced non-coding transcripts	LSINCTs	[25]

ISSN: 1476-4598