Table 1 Somatic mutations in cancer exomes and pathways affected
Tumour type (sample size) | Genes analyzed | Average number of mutated genes/patient | Major pathways deregulated | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Breast (n = 11) | 18,191 | 62 | RTKs, PI3K, NFκB, | [7] |
Colorectal cancer (n = 11) | 18,191 | 88 | RTKs, PI3K, Cell adhesion, Cytoskeleton, Extracellular matrix | [7] |
Colorectal cancer (n = 1) | Genome | 292 | Transcription (SPDEF), Metalloproteases (MMP28), PI3K, BRAF | [16] |
Glioblastoma (n = 22) | 20,661 | 47 | RTKs, PI3K, Cell cycle, DNA damage (p53), Neuronal-type pathways (ionic channels), IDH1 | [13] |
Pancreas (n = 24) | 20,661 | 48 | KRAS signalling, DNA damage control, Cell cycle, TGFβ pathway, Wnt/Notch signalling, Cell adhesion and integrin signalling, MAPK signalling, Apoptosis | [14] |
Glioblastoma (n = 206) | 601 selected genes | NA | RTKs, NF1, DNA damage, PI3K, Cell cycle, methylation, mismatch repair | [12] |
Lung cancer (n = 188) | 623 genes implicated in cancer | NA | RTKs, DNA damage control, RAS (K and N), NF1, LRP1B (lipid metabolism), MAPK signalling, Wnt signalling, STK11 (Ser/Thr kinase) | [10] |
Lung cancer (n = 371) | NA | NA | Cell cycle, PI3K, RTKs, Tyrosine phosphatases, cAMP, Angiogenesis, NKX2-1 (pneumocyte differentiation) | [9] |
Lung cancer (n = 1) | Genome | 134 | Cell cycle (Rb), DNA damage (p53), DNA helicase CHD7 | [11] |
Mesothelioma (n = 4) | 15,000 | 6 | DNA damage, Extracellular matrix, Mitochondrial reductase activity, proteasome, Apoptosis | [54] |
Diverse cancers (n = 210) | 518 kinases | NA | RTKs, JNK, MAPK,, BRAF, DNA damage control | [20] |
Renal cancer, clear cell (n = 101) | 3544 | NA | Histone modifications (SETD2, JARID1C, UTX), VHL, NF2, HIF1A, PMS1 (DNA mismatch repair), WRN and NBN (DNA double strand repair) | [55] |
Diverse cancers (n = 3131) | NA | NA | Kinases, cell cycle, NFκB, Myc, Apoptosis, Cell adhesion, DNA methylation, microtubule organization, transcription | [22] |
Acute Myeloid leukaemia ((n = 1) | Genome | 10 | NRAS, NPM1, IDH1, CDC42, IMPG2, ANKRD46, LTA4H, FREM2, CEP170 | |
Ovarian granulosa cell tumours (n = 4) | Genome | NA | FOXL2 | [56] |