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Table 2 List of Monoclonal antibodies approved by FDA or undergoing clinical trials.

From: Molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase targeted therapy

Name of mAb

Commercial Name

Approval Year

Target Kinase

Mechanism of resistance

Bevacizumab (Genentech/Roche)

Avastin

2004

VEGFR

4

Cetuximab (ImClone and Bristol-Myers Squibb)

Erbitux

2004

EGFR

1,2,3,4

Panitumumab (Amgen)

Vectibix

2006

EGFR

 

Trastuzumab (Genentech)

Herceptin

1998

ERBB2

2,4,5

IMC-A12 Cixutumumab

(ImClone)

 

Phase II

IGF1-R

 

AVE1642

(Sanofi-Aventis)

 

Phase I

IGF1-R

 

Pertuzumab

(Genentech)

Omnitarg

Phase III

ERBB2

 

MetMAb

(Genentech)

 

Phase I/II

MET

 

IMC-1121B Ramucirumab

(ImClone)

 

Phase III

VEGFR-2

 

IMC-18F1

(ImClone)

 

Phase I

VEGFR

 

AMG-102 Rilotumumab (Amgen)

 

Phase II

MET

 
  1. Antibodies common name is followed by () that denotes producer. Mechanisms of resistance: 1) overexpression of alternative RTK, 2) expression of receptor variants, 3) overexpression of target protein, 4) developed new signaling pathways, 5) structure modification
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Molecular Cancer

ISSN: 1476-4598