Table 1 Exosomal miRNAs involved in therapy response

 miR-222

PTEN inhibition- > anti-apoptotic

p27/kip inhibition- > cell cycle progression

breast cancer

gastric cancer

non-small lung cancer

hepatocellular carcinoma

[104,105,106,107,108]

 miR-485-3p

increased transcription of topoisomerase IIα, multidrug resistance gene 1, cyclin B2- > increased survival, drug resistance, DNA repair

prostate cancer

rhabdomyosarcoma

lymphoblastic leukemia

[109, 110]

 miR-100

interference with HIF1α signalling

anti-apoptotic

breast cancer

melanoma

[39, 111]

 miR-23a

activation of MAPK signalling/inhibition of Sprouty2- > therapy resistance, migration, invasion

breast cancer

[39, 112]

 miR-145

growth inhibition- > down-regulation of c-myc and Erk5

colorectal cancer

B-cell lymphomas

gastric cancer

[40, 113,114,115,116]

 miR-34a

pro-apoptotic

inhibition of cKit/ stemness markers (CD44, BMI-1)

colorectal cancer

prostate cancer

[117,118,119]

 let 7 a-c

regulates RAS oncogene

lung cancer

breast cancer

[108, 120,121,122,123]

 miR-15/16

inhibition of bcl2/ CDK1/CDK2 expression

leukemia (CLL)

prostate cancer

[123,124,125]