Table 3 Clinical trials for copper ionophores
NCT Number | Status | Phases | Enrollment | Conditions | Drugs | Result | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NCT00742911 | Completed | Phase 1 | 21 | solid tumors, hepatic metastases | DSF, Copper Gluconate | Disulfiram 250Â mg daily was well tolerated and no objective remission was observed | [210] |
NCT01907165 | Completed | Early Phase 1 | 21 | Glioblastoma | Temozolomide, DSF, Copper gluconate | Disulfiram combined with TMZ therapy has an acceptable safety profile and can improve PFS | [211] |
NCT00256230 | Completed | Phase 1, Phase 2 | 7 | Stage IV Melanoma | DSF | / | Unpublished |
NCT02770378 | Completed | Phase 1, Phase 2 | 10 | Glioblastoma | Temozolomide, Aprepitant, Minocycline, DSF, Celecoxib, Sertraline, Captopril, Itraconazole, Ritonavir, Auranofin | Nine drug combinations, including DSF, can be applied safely with careful monitoring | [212] |
NCT03714555 | Completed | Phase 2 | 1 | Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer | nab-paclitaxel /gemcitabine Protocol Plus DSF/Copper Gluconate FOLFIRINOX regimen Plus DSF/Copper Gluconate Single-agent gemcitabine regimen Plus DSF/Copper Gluconate | / | Unpublished |
NCT02101008 | Completed | Phase 2 | 12 | Melanoma | DSF and chelated zinc | / | Unpublished |
NCT03034135 | Completed | Phase 2 | 23 | Recurrent Glioblastoma | DSF/Copper, Temozolomide (TMZ) | DSF combined with TMZ treatment is well tolerated but has limited effect on unselected populations | [213] |
NCT02678975 | Completed | Phase 2, Phase 3 | 88 | Glioma, Glioblastoma | DSF, Copper, Alkylating Agents | DSF combined with Alkylating treatment has limited risk profile | [214] |
NCT00312819 | Completed | Phase 2, Phase 3 | 60 | Non-small Cell Lung Cancer | chemotherapy ± DSF | DSF in combination with cisplatin and vincristine is well tolerated and may prolong patient survival | [215] |
NCT01118741 | Completed | / | 19 | Prostate Cancer | DSF | DSF treatment is tolerated but has no clinical benefit | [216] |
NCT00571116 | Terminated | Phase 1 | 9 | Metastatic Melanoma | DSF, Arsenic trioxide | / | Unpublished |
NCT02963051 | Terminated | Phase 1 | 9 | Prostate Cancer | Copper, DSF, Copper gluconate | No significant PSA decline with imaging response was observed | [217] |
NCT03151772 | Terminated | Early Phase 1 | 3 | Glioblastoma | DSF, Metformin | / | Unpublished |
NCT00808418 | Completed | Phase 1 | 34 | Prostate Cancer | ES, Docetaxel | / | Unpublished |
NCT00088114 | Completed | Phase 1 | 50 | Neoplasms | ES, paclitaxel | / | Unpublished |
NCT00827203 | Suspended | Phase 1 | 30 | Metastatic Solid Tumors | ES | ES treatment in combination with paclitaxel was well tolerated, with a toxicity profile consistent with that of paclitaxel alone | [218] |
NCT00084214 | Completed | Phase 1, Phase 2 | 103 | Melanoma | ES, Paclitaxel | ES combined with paclitaxel treatment doubled median PFS with an acceptable toxicity profile | [219] |
NCT00088088 | Completed | Phase 1, Phase 2 | 86 | Stage IIIB/IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer | Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, ES | / | Unpublished |
NCT00888615 | Completed | Phase 2 | 58 | Primary and recurrent fallopian tube cancer, primary and recurrent ovarian cancer, primary and recurrent primary peritoneal cancer | ES, Paclitaxel | ES combined with paclitaxel was well tolerated, but its response rate was inadequate | [220] |
NCT00087997 | Completed | Phase 2 | 80 | Soft Tissue Sarcoma | ES | ES enhances the efficacy of taxane through the action of HSP70 | [221] |
NCT00522834 | Terminated | Phase 3 | 630 | Melanoma | ES, Paclitaxel | ES combined with paclitaxel did not significantly improve PFS, and combination therapy improved PFS in patients with normal serum LDH levels | [207] |