From: Regulation and signaling pathways in cancer stem cells: implications for targeted therapy for cancer
Agent | Target | Condition | Phase | Sample size | NCT/Reference | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface Marker Inhibitors | ||||||
 Bivatuzumab mertansine | CD44v6 | Breast Cancer | I | 24 participants | NCT02254005 | Completed |
Head and Neck Cancer | I | 31 participants | NCT02254018 | Completed | ||
 Catumaxomab | EpCAM/CD3 | Bladder Cancer | I | 30 participants | NCT04819399 | Recruiting |
Ovarian Cancer | II | 47 participants | NCT00377429 | Completed | ||
Colon Cancer, Breast Cancer | II | 258 participants | NCT00836654 | Completed | ||
Gastric Cancer | II | 70 participants | NCT00464893 | Completed | ||
Stomach Cancer | III | 282 participants | NCT04222114 | Recruiting | ||
 CC-90002 | CD47 | Hematologic Cancer | I | 60 participants | NCT02367196 | Completed |
 CSL362 | CD123 | AML | I | 30 participants | NCT01632852 | Completed |
 Talacotuzumab (formerly CSL362) | CD123 | AML | III | 326 participants | NCT02472145 | Completed |
 Magrolimab (Hu5F9-G4) | CD47 | Solid Tumors | I | 88 participants | NCT02216409 | Completed |
Ovarian Cancer | I | 34 participants | NCT03558139 | Completed | ||
AML | I | 20 participants | NCT02678338 | Completed | ||
Large B Cell Lymphoma | I | 30 participants | NCT03527147 | Completed | ||
Bladder Cancer | II | 645 participants | NCT03869190 | Recruiting | ||
 IBI188 | CD47 | Advanced Malignancies | I | 20 participants | NCT03763149 | Completed |
Solid Tumors | I | 120 participants | NCT04861948 | Recruiting | ||
Acute Myeloid Leukemia | I | 126 participants | NCT04485052 | Recruiting | ||
 IMGN632 | CD123 | Blastic Plasmacytoid DC Neoplasm | I | 252 participants | NCT03386513 | Recruiting |
AML | II | 274 participants | NCT04086264 | Recruiting | ||
 IMGN779 | CD33 | AML | I | 62 participants | NCT02674763 | Completed |
 JNJ-63709178 | CD123/CD3 | AML | I | 62 participants | NCT02715011 | Completed |
 Flotetuzumab(MGD006) | CD123 | Myeloid Leukemia | II | 25 participants | NCT04582864 | Recruiting |
Hematologic Cancer | I | 40 participants | NCT04681105 | Recruiting | ||
 Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin | CD33 | AML | I | 24 participants | NCT04070768 | Recruiting |
Blood Cancers | II | 100 participants | NCT03589729 | Recruiting | ||
AML | III | 168 participants | NCT00962767 | Completed | ||
 RO5429083 | CD44 | Solid Tumors | I | 65 participants | NCT01358903 | Completed |
AML | I | 44 participants | NCT01641250 | Completed | ||
 SGN-CD123A | CD123 | AML | I | 17 participants | NCT02848248 | Terminated |
 SRF231 | CD47 | Solid Tumors Hematologic Neoplasmas | I | 148 participants | NCT03512340 | Completed |
 Tagraxofusp (SL-401) | IL3R-targeting Fusion Protein | Dendritic Cell Neoplasm | II | 40 participants | NCT04216524 | Recruiting |
CD123 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia | II | 50 participants | NCT04342962 | Recruiting | |
CML | II | 130 participants | NCT02268253 | Recruiting | ||
 Talacotuzumab | CD123 | AML | III | 326 participants | NCT02472145 | Completed |
 TTI-621 | CD47 | Hematologic Cancer | I | 260 participants | NCT02663518 | Recruiting |
Multiple Myeloma | I | 40 participants | NCT05139225 | Recruiting | ||
Leiomyosarcoma | I | 80 participants | NCT04996004 | Recruiting | ||
 Vadastuximab Talirine (SGN-CD33A) | CD33 | AML | I | 116 participants | NCT02326584 | Completed |
 XmAb14045 | CD123 | Hematologic Cancer | I | 120 participants | NCT02730312 | Completed |
 4SCAR-T | CD22/CD123/CD38/ CD10/CD20 | CD19 Negative B-cell Malignancies | I II | 100 participants | NCT04430530 | Recruiting |
 Anti-CD33 CAR NK cells | CD33 | AML | I | 27 participants | NCT05008575 | Recruiting |
 4SCAR T cells | CD44v6 | Breast Cancer | I II | 100 participants | NCT04430595 | Recruiting |
Transcriptional factor inhibitors | ||||||
 Ivermectin | Oct4/Sox2/Nanog | Breast Cancer |  |  | [334] | Preclinical |
Solid Tumors | Â | Â | [335] | Preclinical | ||
 ZF-5985KD | Sox2 | Breast Cancer |  |  | [336] | Preclinical |
 Peptide aptamer P42 | Sox2 | Esophageal squamous cell Carcinoma |  |  | [337] | Preclinical |
 Simvastatin | KLF4 | Osteosarcoma |  |  | [338] | Preclinical |
 D347-2761 | c-Myc | Osteosarcoma |  |  | [339] | Preclinical |
 T417 | PBX1 | Ovarian Cancer |  |  | [340] | Preclinical |
Metabolism inhibitors | ||||||
 2-deoxy-D-glucose | Glycolysis | Solid Tumors | I | 50 participants | NCT00096707 | Completed |
Prostate Cancer | I II | 12 participants | NCT00633087 | Terminated | ||
 CB-839 | Glutaminolysis | Solid Tumors | I | 210 participants | NCT02071862 | Completed |
Hematological Tumors | I | 25 participants | NCT02071888 | Completed | ||
 TVB-2640 | Lipogenesis | Breast Cancer | II | 80 participants | NCT03179904 | Recruiting |
 Omeprazole | Lipogenesis | Breast Cancer | II | 42 participants | NCT02595372 | Completed |
 PT2385 | HIF | Renal cell Carcinoma | I | 80 participants | NCT04989959 | Recruiting |
Glioblastoma | II | 24 participants | NCT03216499 | Completed | ||
 Metformin | Glycolysis | Hepatocellular Carcinoma |  |  | [341] | Preclinical |
Prostate Cancer | Â | Â | [342] | Preclinical | ||
 Epigallocathechine gallate | Glycolysis | Pancreatic Cancer |  |  | [343] | Preclinical |
 R-HepG2 | Glutaminolysis | Hepatocellular Carcinoma |  |  | [234] | Preclinical |
 alpha-ketoglutarate | Glutaminolysis | Colorectal Carcinoma |  |  | [235] | Preclinical |
 GSK864 | Glutaminolysis | Glioblastoma |  |  | [344] | Preclinical |
 PT2399 | HIF | Renal cell Carcinoma |  |  | [345] | Preclinical |
 32-134D | HIF | Hepatocellular Carcinoma |  |  | [346] | Preclinical |
Shh inhibitor | ||||||
 BMS-833923 (XL139) | SMO | Solid Tumor | I | 12 participants | NCT01413906 | Completed |
Basal Cell Carcinoma | I | 53 participants | NCT00670189 | Completed | ||
Stomach/Esophageal Cancer | I | 39 participants | NCT00909402 | Completed | ||
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | I | 5 participants | NCT00927875 | Completed | ||
Leukemia | I II | 33 participants | NCT01218477 | Completed | ||
 Glasdegib | SMO | AML | III | 730 participants | NCT03416179 | Completed |
Soft Tissue Sarcoma | III | 960 participants | NCT03784014 | Recruiting | ||
 LDE225 | SMO | Prostate Cancer | I | 14 participants | NCT02111187 | Completed |
Ovarian Cancer | I | 15 participants | NCT02195973 | Completed | ||
Solid Tumors | I | 30 participants | NCT01954355 | Completed | ||
Pancreatic Cancer | I | 18 participants | NCT01487785 | Completed | ||
Myeloid Malignancies | I | 63 participants | NCT02129101 | Completed | ||
Medulloblastoma | II | 22 participants | NCT01708174 | Completed | ||
 Vismodegib | Hedgehog | Solid Tumors | I | 52 participants | NCT01209143 | Completed |
Colorectal Cancer | II | 199 participants | NCT00636610 | Completed | ||
 Vismodegib | Hedgehog | Ovarian Cancer | II | 104 participants | NCT00739661 | Completed |
Pancreatic Cancer | II | 118 participants | NCT01064622 | Completed | ||
Gastric Cancer | II | 124 participants | NCT00982592 | Completed | ||
Basal Cell Carcinoma | IV | 30 participants | NCT03610022 | Recruiting | ||
Notch inhibitors | ||||||
 AL101 | γ secretase | Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma | I | 12 participants | NCT04973683 | Recruiting |
Breast Cancer | II | 67 participants | NCT04461600 | Recruiting | ||
 BMS-906024 | NOTCH | Solid Tumors | I | 94 participants | NCT01292655 | Completed |
Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute T-cell | I | 31 participants | NCT01363817 | Completed | ||
 CB-103 | NOTCH | Solid Tumours/Haematological Malignancies | I II | 200 participants | NCT03422679 | Recruiting |
Breast Cancer | II | 80 participants | NCT04714619 | Active, not recruiting | ||
 LY3039478 | γ secretase | Solid Tumor | I | 94 participants | NCT02784795 | Completed |
Plasma Cell Myeloma | I | 18 participants | NCT03502577 | Suspended | ||
T-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma | I | 36 participants | NCT02518113 | Completed | ||
 MK-0752 | γ secretase | Pancreatic Cancer | I | 44 participants | NCT01098344 | Completed |
Breast Cancer | IV | 22 participants | NCT00756717 | Completed | ||
 RO4929097 | γ secretase | Sarcoma | I II | 78 participants | NCT01154452 | Completed |
 RO4929097 | γ secretase | Colorectal cancer | II | 37 participants | NCT01116687 | Completed |
Pancreatic Cancer | II | 18 participants | NCT01232829 | Completed | ||
NSCL | II | 7 participants | NCT01070927 | Completed | ||
 Brontictuzumab(OMP-52M51) | NOTCH | Colorectal Cancer | I | 7 participants | NCT03031691 | Completed |
Lymphoid Malignancies | I | 24 participants | NCT01703572 | Completed | ||
Solid Tumors | I | 48 participants | NCT01778439 | Completed | ||
 Demcizumab (OMP-21M18) | NOTCH 1 | Solid Tumors | I | 29 participants | NCT02722954 | Completed |
NSCL | I | 50 participants | NCT01189968 | Completed | ||
Pancreatic Cancer | II | 207 participants | NCT02289898 | Completed | ||
 ABL001 | DLL4 | Solid Tumors | I | 45 participants | NCT03292783 | Completed |
WNT signaling | ||||||
 CWP232291 | β-catenin | Multiple Myeloma | I | 25 participants | NCT02426723 | Completed |
 CWP232291 | β-catenin | AML | I | 69 participants | NCT01398462 | Completed |
 PRI-724 | CBP/β-catenin | Pancreatic Cancer | I | 20 participants | NCT01764477 | Completed |
Myeloid Malignancies | I II | 49 participants | NCT01606579 | Completed | ||
 OMP-54F28 | Frizzled8 | Liver Cancer | I | 10 participants | NCT02069145 | Completed |
Pancreatic Cancer | I | 26 participants | NCT02050178 | Completed | ||
Ovarian Cancer | I | 37 participants | NCT02092363 | Completed | ||
 OMP-54F28 | Frizzled8 | Solid Tumors | I | 26 participants | NCT01608867 | Completed |
 Vantictumab (OMP-18R5) | Frizzled7 | Pancreatic Cancer | I | 30 participants | NCT02005315 | Completed |
Breast Cancer | I | 37 participants | NCT01973309 | Completed | ||
Solid Tumors | I | 35 participants | NCT01345201 | Completed | ||
 ETC-1922159 | Porcupine | Solid Tumors | I | 89 participants | NCT02521844 | Recruiting |
 LGK974 | Porcupine | Solid Tumors | I | 185 participants | NCT01351103 | Recruiting |
Colorectal Cancer | I II | 20 participants | NCT02278133 | Completed | ||
TGF-β inhibitors | ||||||
 AVID200 | TGFβ | Solid Tumor | I | 19 participants | NCT03834662 | Active, not recruiting |
 LY3200882 | TGFβRI | Solid Tumor | I | 223 participants | NCT02937272 | Active, not recruiting |
 Fresolimumab (GC1008) | TGF-β | Renal Cell Carcinoma/Melanoma | I | 29 participants | NCT00356460 | Completed |
NSCL | I II | 24 participants | NCT02581787 | Completed | ||
Breast Cancer | II | 23 participants | NCT01401062 | Completed | ||
Brain Tumors | II | 12 participants | NCT01472731 | Completed | ||
Mesothelioma | II | 14 participants | NCT01112293 | Completed | ||
 Galunisertib | Growth Factor-β Receptor I Kinase | Pancreatic Cancer | I | 37 participants | NCT02734160 | Completed |
Solid Tumor | I II | 41 participants | NCT02423343 | Completed | ||
Glioma | I II | 75 participants | NCT01220271 | Completed | ||
Hepatocellular Carcinoma | II | 204 participants | NCT01246986 | Completed | ||
 NIS793 | TGF-β | Solid Tumor | I | 120 participants | NCT02947165 | Completed |
Colorectal Cancer | II | 266 participants | NCT04952753 | Recruiting | ||
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | III | 490 participants | NCT04935359 | Recruiting | ||
 Vactosertib (TEW-7197) | TGF-β | Solid Tumor | I | 35 participants | NCT02160106 | Completed |
Multiple Myeloma | I | 18 participants | NCT03143985 | Recruiting | ||
Desmoid Tumor | I II | 24 participants | NCT03802084 | Recruiting | ||
NSCL | II | 55 participants | NCT04515979 | Completed | ||
JAK inhibitors | ||||||
 AZD4205 | Janus Kinase | NSCL | I II | 10 participants | NCT03450330 | Completed |
T Cell Lymphoma | II | 160 participants | NCT04105010 | Recruiting | ||
 SAR302503 | JAK2 V617F | Solid Tumor | I | 60 participants | NCT01836705 | Completed |
Hematopoietic Neoplasm | II | 97 participants | NCT01523171 | Completed | ||
 Ruxolitinib | JAK | Breast Cancer | II | 29 participants | NCT01594216 | Completed |
AML | III | 1000 participants | NCT03117751 | Recruiting | ||
 SB1518 | FLT3 | Lymphoma | I | 35 participants | NCT00741871 | Completed |
AML | I | 13 participants | NCT02323607 | Completed | ||
DNMT inhibitors | ||||||
 Azacitidine | DNMT | AML | III | 488 participants | NCT01074047 | Completed |
 Decitabine | DNMT | Thyroid Cancer | II | 12 participants | NCT00085293 | Completed |
Solid Tumor | III | 200 participants | NCT04292769 | Recruiting | ||
 Decitabine | DNMT | Ovarian cancer | II III | 500 participants | NCT02159820 | Recruiting |
Hodgkin Lymphoma | II III | 100 participants | NCT04510610 | Recruiting | ||
 Guadecitabine (SGI-110) | DNMT | Colorectal Cancer | I | 18 participants | NCT01966289 | Completed |
MDS | I II | 401 participants | NCT01261312 | Completed | ||
Ovarian Cancer | II | 120 participants | NCT01696032 | Completed | ||
Hepatocellular Carcinoma | II | 52 participants | NCT01752933 | Completed | ||
AML | III | 302 participants | NCT02920008 | Completed | ||
 Disulfiram | DNMT1 | Prostate Cancer | N/A | 19 participants | NCT01118741 | Completed |
 Aza-TdC | DNMT1 | Solid Tumor | I | 50 participants | NCT03366116 | Recruiting |
 NTX-301 | DNMT | Myeloid Malignancies | I | 20 participants | NCT04167917 | Recruiting |
HDAC inhibitors | ||||||
 Belinostat | Class I/II HDACs | Solid Tumors/Hematological Malignancies | I | 27 participants | NCT01317927 | Completed |
Breast Cancer/Prostate Cancer/Ovarian Cancer | I | 25 participants | NCT04703920 | Recruiting | ||
NSCL | I | 28 participants | NCT00926640 | Completed | ||
Multiple Myeloma | II | 25 participants | NCT00131261 | Completed | ||
Melanoma | II | 32 participants | NCT05170334 | Recruiting | ||
 Entinostat | Class I HDACs | Breast Cancer | I | 61 participants | NCT02820961 | Completed |
CNS Tumor/Solid Tumor | I II | 128 participants | NCT03838042 | Recruiting | ||
Bladder Cancer | II | 20 participants | NCT03978624 | Recruiting | ||
acute myeloid leukemia | II | 24 participants | NCT00462605 | Completed | ||
Melanoma | II | 14 participants | NCT03765229 | Recruiting | ||
 Givinostat (ITF2357) | Class I/II HDACs | Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | I II | 24 participants | NCT00792467 | Completed |
 Panobinostat (LBH589) | pan-DACi | Solid Tumor | I | 25 participants | NCT01007968 | Completed |
Lung Cancer/Head and Neck Cancer | I | 44 participants | NCT00738751 | Completed | ||
 Panobinostat (LBH589) | pan-DACi | Multiple Myeloma | III | 767 participants | NCT01023308 | Completed |
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | III | 41 participants | NCT01034163 | Completed | ||
 Pracinostat (SB939) | Class I/II HDACs | Solid Tumor | I | 39 participants | NCT00504296 | Completed |
 Pracinostat (SB939) | Class I/II HDACs | Prostate Cancer | II | 32 participants | NCT01075308 | Completed |
AML | II | 50 participants | NCT01912274 | Completed | ||
Sarcoma | II | 24 participants | NCT01112384 | Completed | ||
 Romidepsin | Class I HDACs | Solid Tumors | I | 18 participants | NCT01537744 | Completed |
Lung Cancer | I | 34 participants | NCT00037817 | Completed | ||
 Romidepsin | Class I HDACs | Pancreas Cancer | I II | 75 participants | NCT04257448 | Recruiting |
T-Cell Lymphoma | III | 271 participants | NCT01482962 | Completed | ||
 Valproic Acid | Class I/II HDACs | Solid Tumors | I | 36 participants | NCT00529022 | Completed |
NSCL | I | 25 participants | NCT00084981 | Completed | ||
AML | I II | 36 participants | NCT00995332 | Completed | ||
Cervical Cancer | II | 18 participants | NCT00404326 | Completed | ||
 Valproic Acid | Class I/II HDACs | Glioma | III | 167 participants | NCT03243461 | Recruiting |
Childhood Ependymoma | III | 480 participants | NCT02265770 | Recruiting | ||
 Vorinostat | Class I/II HDACs | Solid Tumors | I | 28 participants | NCT00121277 | Completed |
Gastric Cancer | I II | 45 participants | NCT01045538 | Completed | ||
Mesothelioma | III | 661 participants | NCT00128102 | Completed | ||
Multiple Myeloma | III | 637 participants | NCT00773747 | Completed | ||
AML | III | 754 participants | NCT01802333 | Completed | ||
 CHR-3996 | HDAC | Solid Tumors | I | 40 participants | NCT00697879 | Completed |
 Chidamide | Class I HDACs | Cervical Cancer | I | 40 participants | NCT04651127 | Recruiting |
AML | I II | 250 participants | NCT03031262 | Recruiting | ||
 Chidamide | Class I HDACs | Sarcoma | II | 53 participants | NCT04025931 | Recruiting |
Neuroendocrine Tumors | II | 23 participants | NCT05113355 | Recruiting | ||
 Quisinostat | HDACs | NSCL | I | 51 participants | NCT02728492 | Completed |
Lymphoma | I | 92 participants | NCT00677105 | Completed | ||
Multiple Myeloma | I | 18 participants | NCT01464112 | Completed | ||
 AR-42 | Pan-DAC Inhibitor | Plasma Cell Myeloma | I | 9 participants | NCT02569320 | Completed |
AML | I | 13 participants | NCT01798901 | Completed |