Table 5 MDSC-based therapeutic strategies
Classification | Target | Agent | Representative clinical trials | Cancer type | Phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Suppressing the recruitment and expansion of MDSCs | CXCR1/2 | Reparixin | NCT02370238 | TNBC | 2 |
Navarixin | NCT03473925 | Solid tumors | 2 | ||
SX-682 | NCT04574583 | Solid tumors | 1/2 | ||
CXCR2 | AZD5069 | NCT03177187 | Prostate cancer | 1/2 | |
CXCL8 | HuMax-IL8 | NCT02536469 | Solid tumors | 1 | |
S100A8/A9 | Tasquinimod | NCT01234311 | Prostate cancer | 3 | |
VEGF | Bevacizumab | NCT02669173 | Glioblastoma | 1 | |
VEGFR | Pazopanib | NCT00866697 | Gynecologic cancer | 3 | |
Cabozantinib | NCT01605227 | Prostate cancer | 3 | ||
Regorafenib | NCT01853319 | Colorectal cancer | 3 | ||
Sorafenib | NCT01234337 | TNBC | 3 | ||
Facilitating the differentiation of MDSCs | Nuclear retinoid receptors | All-trans retinoic acid | NCT00617409 | SCLC | 2 |
STAT3 | AZD9150 | NCT03421353 | NSCLC | 1 | |
IONIS-STAT3Rx | NCT01563302 | Solid tumors and lymphoma | 1/2 | ||
TLR9 | CpG ODN | NCT04952272 | Solid tumors | 1 | |
TLR7/8 | Resiquimod | NCT00821652 | Solid tumors | 1 | |
TLR7/8 | Motolimod | NCT02431559 | Ovarian cancer | 1/2 | |
TLR3 | NS-9 Poly (I:C) | NCT00094003 | Solid tumors with liver metastases | 1 | |
Suppressing the functions of MDSCs | COX-2 | Celecoxib | NCT03026140 | Colon cancer | 2 |
PDE5 | Tadalafil | NCT03993353 | Head and neck cancer | 2 | |
Sildenafil | NCT00752115 | NSCLC | 2/3 | ||
HDAC1/3 | Entinostat | NCT02708680 | TNBC | 1/2 | |
HDAC6 | Ricolinostat | NCT02091063 | Lymphoma | 1/2 | |
Nrf2 | CDDO-Me | NCT00529438 | Lymphoma | 1 | |
COX-1 | Nitroaspirin | NCT00331786 | Colon cancer | 1 | |
mTOR | Everolimus | NCT04203901 | Renal cell carcinoma | 2 | |
Glycolysis | Metformin | NCT03709147 | Lung cancer | 2 | |
IDO | Indoximod | NCT01792050 | Breast cancer | 2 | |
CD73 | MEDI9447 | NCT02503774 | Solid tumors | 1 | |
Directly depleting MDSCs | CD33 | Gemtuzumab ozogamicin | NCT03531918 | Acute myeloid leukemia | 1/2 |
BI 836858 | NCT01690624 | Acute myeloid leukemia | 1 | ||
Cytotoxic drugs | 5-Fluorouracil | NCT03299660 | Rectal cancer | 2 | |
Gemcitabine | NCT03302247 | NSCLC | 2 | ||
Carboplatin | NCT05841472 | NSCLC | 2 | ||
Paclitaxel | NCT04815408 | Ovarian cancer | 2 | ||
Capecitabine | NCT03111732 | Biliary tract carcinoma | 2 |