CDK5: an oncogene or an anti-oncogene: location location location

Nikhil, Kumar; Shah, Kavita

doi:10.1186/s12943-023-01895-8

Molecular Cancer

Table 1 Expression of CDK5 and its activators in human cancers

From: CDK5: an oncogene or an anti-oncogene: location location location

No	Cancer Types	CDK5 status	CDK5 activator status	CDK5 localization	CDK5 functions	References
1	Breast cancer	Overexpressed	p35 overexpressed	Cytoplasmic/membranous*	Proliferation, cell survival, EMT and metastasis	[42, 43]
2	Prostate cancer	Overexpressed	p35 overexpressed	Predominantly Cytoplasmic/membranous, little nuclear staining*	Proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis and neuroendocrine differentiation	[50, 51]
3	Pancreatic cancer	Overexpressed	p35 and p39 overexpressed	Predominantly Cytoplasmic/membranous, little nuclear staining*	Proliferation, tumorigenesis, migration and metastasis	[35, 36]
4	Medullary thyroid cancer	Overexpressed	p35 and p25 overexpressed	Cytoplasmic/membranous*	Proliferation and tumorigenesis	[34]
5	Gastric cancer	Decreased	p35 low	Excluded from nucleus [41]	Inhibits proliferation and metastasis. Acts as cell cycle suppressor	[40, 41, 64]
6	Colorectal cancer	Overexpressed	p35 overexpressed	Cytoplasmic/membranous*	Proliferation, migration and invasion	[66, 67]
7	Glioma	Overexpressed	p35 and p25 overexpressed	Predominantly cytoplasmic with some nuclear staining [68, 69]	Tumorigenesis, migration and invasion	[68, 69]
8	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Overexpressed	p35 overexpressed	Cytoplasmic/membranous/nuclear*	Tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and metastasis	[77, 78]
9	Pituitary adenoma	Overexpressed	p35 overexpressed	Cytoplasmic [86]	Migration and invasion	[85, 86]
10	Lung Cancer	Overexpressed	p35 overexpressed	Cytoplasmic [87, 88]	Tumorigenesis, metastasis, tumor immunity, radio- and chemoresistance	[87, 88]
11	Melanoma	Overexpressed	p35 overexpressed	Cytoplasmic/membranous*	Tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis	[101, 102]
12	Ovarian cancer	Overexpressed	-	Cytoplasmic and nuclear [105, 106]	Inhibits cell cycle arrest and apoptosis	[105, 106]
13	Medulloblastoma	Overexpressed	p35 and p39 overexpressed	-	Immune evasion	[103]
14	Head and neck cancer	Overexpressed	-	Predominantly cytoplasmic/membranous, some nuclear*	EMT, invasion and metastasis	[108]
15	Leukemia	mRNA upregulated and downregulated	p35 and Cyclin I mRNA upregulated	-	Survival and proliferation	[109,110,111]
16	Multiple Myeloma	Overexpressed	-	-	Proliferation and drug resistance	[111, 113]

* denotes subcellular localization of CDK5 as reported in The Human Protein Atlas (https://www.proteinatlas.org/). The Human Protein Atlas does not have separate categories for membrane and cytoplasmic localization. Instead, The Human Protein Atlas categorizes them as cytoplasmic/membranous. As CDK5 is not membrane-bound, it should be mainly cytoplasmic when listed as cytoplasmic/membranous

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ISSN: 1476-4598

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