Fig. 5

TME Heterogeneity in aFGFR3. A EcoTyper analysis identifying cell states from bulk expression data, which covers 12 major cell lineages, including immune-related cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells [16]. A total of 69 transcriptional cell states were identified, and an analysis on the cell-state co-occurrence patterns offered ten clinically distinct multicellular communities known as Cellular Ecotypes (CE1-10). CEs had been shown to correlate with OS (shorter in CE1 and longer in CE10) and treatment response to checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in various types of cancer data sets. Note that In CE2 and CE8, different cell states were depicted in specific cell types, including fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and mono/macrophages. B Pie charts showing the proportion of patients with aFGFR3 in each CE. C Kaplan–Meier curves of OS according to the cell ecotypes (CE1-10). D Estimated proportion of NMIBC/aFGFR3 (n = 55) and MIBC/aFGFR3 (n = 39) among CE2, CE7, CE8, and other CEs. E Distribution of CE2, CE7, CE8, and other CEs in NMIBC/aFGFR3 (n = 55) and MIBC/aFGFR3 (n = 39). F Cell state for the fibroblasts was defined by EcoTyper in 264/389 (68%) of the present cohort. Among them, we compared the mRNA expression of 806 genes determining the state of fibroblasts in CE2 and CE8 for MIBC/aFGFR3 patients. G Cell state for the monocytes/macrophages was defined by EcoTyper in 232/389 (60%) of the present cohort. Among them, we compared the mRNA expression of 452 genes determining the state of monocytes/macrophages in CE2 and CE8 for MIBC/aFGFR3 patients