Fig. 1
From: Extracellular vesicles remodel tumor environment for cancer immunotherapy
EVs regulating different cells in TME. A TEV induces CD8 T-cell depletion. B TEV activates Treg and thus suppresses CD8 T cell function. C CD4-derived EVs activate CD8 T cells and inhibit the cell cycle of tumour cells. D TEV induces a shift from M2 to M1 type macrophages. E Endocytosis of TEV-containing fatty acids leads to impaired DC cell function and reduced ability of antigen presentation to activate T cells. F TEV activates MDSCs. G TEV induces NK cell depletion. H TEV activates CAF, thereby recruiting MDSCs and Treg in TME