Fig. 2
From: Extracellular vesicles remodel tumor environment for cancer immunotherapy
Mechanisms of remodelling TME by TEVs. A Mechanisms by which TEV affects T cells. TEV interferes with CD8 T cells and induces their depletion, while activating Treg, thereby affecting immunotherapy. B Mechanisms by which TEV affects macrophages and NK cells. TEV affects the expression of CD39 in macrophages and induces conversion to M2. TEV also induces depletion of NK cells, depriving them of their tumour-killing capacity