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Fig. 1 | Molecular Cancer

Fig. 1

From: Evolution of cell therapy for renal cell carcinoma

Fig. 1

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. Under normoxia, von-Hippel-Lindau (VHL) binds to HIF1α, leading to HIF1α degradation. While under hypoxia or in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the dysfunction of VHL results in HIF1α-HIF1β dimer formation and HIF hyperactivation, resulting in overexpression of many downstream genes involved in angiogenesis, metabolism, and cell-cycle regulation, including carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Created with BioRender.com

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Molecular Cancer

ISSN: 1476-4598