Fig. 4

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) structure. The CAR consists of an extracellular-hinge region, usually based on a single chain viable fragment (scFv), linked to a transmembrane region and intracellular costimulatory (e.g., 4-1BB, CD28) and stimulatory domains (CD3z). The CAR can be expressed in different immune cells (e.g., T cells, NK cells, Macrophages) and recognize specific tumor antigens independently of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presentation. This image summarizes all the molecules that are currently being evaluated as potential targets for CAR in RCC: carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), CD70, tyrosine-protein kinase Met (c-Met), mucin-1 (MUC1), receptor orphan tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (ROR2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Created with BioRender.com