Fig. 1

Integration of patient-derived 3-D in vitro tumor models and pan-omics techniques for drug discovery and precision medicine. The figure depicts the workflow for integration of pan-omics technology and 3-D in vitro tumor models for application in drug discovery and precision medicine. In the first step, 3-D in vitro tumor models are generated and can be based on scaffolds, 3-D spheroids, 3-D organoids and organ-on-a-chip models with the utilization of the tissue samples obtained from patient tissue biopsy, surgically resected tissues and peritoneal metastasis [17]. Thereafter, the 3-D in vitro tumor models are subjected to various omics techniques including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics or metabolomics. The data generated by these pan-omics techniques is then filtered, aligned and analyzed using various bioinformatics tools and also compared with parent tumor tissue. The data can then be applied to discover novel therapeutic targets for diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of cancer patients. The data can also be used to assist in clinical decision making for administration of chemotherapeutic agents thereby aiding in precision medicine. Figure created with BioRender.com