Table 1 Small molecule compounds targeting selective autophagy for cancer therapy
From: Selective autophagy in cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives
Selective autophagy type | Name in the literature | Chemical structure | Cancer | Target | Biological activity | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mitophagy | WJ460 |
| breast cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) | Myoferlin | MiaPaCa-2 (IC50 = 20.92 ± 1.02 nM)), BxPC-3 (IC50 = 48.44 nM), Panc-1 (IC50 = 23.08 ± 1.08 nM), PaTu 8988 T (IC50 = 27.48 nM) | [4] |
mitophagy | flavaglines compound 3 (FL3) |
| a NA | PHB2 | HeLa, H1299, HCT116 (IC = 50 nM) | [5] |
mitophagy | fluquinconazole |
| lung cancer, cervical cancer | PHB1, PHB2 | A549 (IC = 5 μM, 10 μM), HeLa (IC = 5 μM, 10 μM) | [174] |
mitophagy | Nitazoxanide (NTZ) |
| bladder cancer | PINK1 | MGHU3 (IC50 = 54.87 ± 2.59 μM), 5637 (IC50 = 72.28 ± 3.47 μM), T24 (IC50 = 57.62 ± 2.08 μM), UMUC-3 (IC50 = 76.74 ± 3.36 μM) | [175] |
mitophagy | oroxylinA (OA) |
| hepatocellular carcinoma | Parkin/PINK1 | HepG2 (IC = 12 μM) | |
ER-phagy | loperamide (LOP) |
| glioblastoma multiforme | RETREG1/FAM134B | MZ-54 (IC = 17.5 μM) | [176] |
ER-phagy | brigatinib |
| non-small cell lung cancer | ORP8/USP5 | DLD-1, HCT116, HT29, RKO, SW620, NCM460 (IC = 2 μM) | |
ER-phagy | C150 |
| pancreatic cancer | EMT- TF | PANC-1 (IC = 1, 2 μM) | [178] |
ER-phagy | ABTL0812 |
| neuroblastoma | AKT/mTOR | SH-SY5Y(IC50 = 30–60 μM) | |
ER-phagy | Z36 |
| cervical cancer | FAM134B/LC3Atg9 | HeLa (IC = 13 μM) | [183] |
Xenophagy | Resveratrol |
| squamous cell carcinoma, oral cancer | P53,AMPK | HeLa, HCT116 (IC = 130 μM), CAR (IC50 = 51.62 ± 3.36 μM) | |
Xenophagy | Tigecycline |
| gastric cancer, Melanoma | AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K,LC3A/B | MKN-45, GAM-016 (IC = 5 μM, 10 μM), COLO 829 (EC50 = 19.2 μM), A375 (EC50 = 39.1 μM) | |
Xenophagy | Salinomycin |
| osteosarcoma | a NA | U2OS (IC50 = 5 μM) | [188] |
Lipophagy | Tripterine |
| clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) | LXRα/ABCA1 | 786-O (IC = 1 μM), 787-SN12C (IC = 1 μM) | [189] |
Lipophagy | PFK158 |
| ovarian and cervical cancer | PFKFB3/p62/SQSTM1 | OV2008 (IC50 = 10 μM), C13 (IC50 = 10 μM), HeyA8 (IC50 = 10 μM), HeyA8MDR (IC50 = 10 μM) | [190] |
Lysophagy | loperamide |
| glioma | SMPD1/ASM | MZ-54 (IC = 12.5,15 μM) | [191] |
Lysophagy | Pimozide |
| glioma | SMPD1/ASM | MZ-54 (IC = 12.5,15 μM) | [191] |
Lysophagy | GNS561 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma | PPT1 | HepG2 (IC50 = 0.47 ± 0.15 μM), Huh7 (IC50 = 0.88 ± 0.31 μM), | [192] |
