Fig. 4

Establishment and Validation of the Ascore Prognostic Signature. A Multivariate Cox coefficients for four ARGs (CERCAM, EMP1, GNLY, PTPRR) in the prognostic signature. B Ascore distribution among BLCA patients, sorted from lowest to highest. C Survival status categorized by Ascore for each BLCA patient. D Heatmap displaying expression levels of four genes in different Ascore groups. E Sankey diagram correlating clusters, Ascore groups, and BLCA survival status. F Kaplan–Meier analysis comparing overall survival between high and low Ascore groups in BLCA (P < 0.0001). G Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves depicting Ascore signature’s predictive performance for 1, 3, and 5-year overall survival in BLCA, with the Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of 0.709, 0.724, and 0.745, respectively. (H–K) Kaplan–Meier analysis and time-dependent ROC curves in two external validation sets: GSE32548 and GSE32894