Fig. 5

Efficacy, adverse events, and survival outcome of bispecific antibody treatment and ICI combination therapies in patients with sex-related tumors. A histogram of the antitumor activity (a) and compositions of major tertiary AEs (b) for BSABs in patients with breast cancer. A histogram of the antitumor activity (c) of BSABs for HPV + tumors and the tumor categories primarily recruited in several trials (d). ET, endocrine therapy; Tras, Trastuzumab (anti-HER2); vino, vinorelbine; M9241 (anti-IL-12); PDS0101, peptide vaccine targeting E6/E7 proteins. A forest plot charting the survival outcomes (e) and a histogram depicting the incidence of grade ≥ 3 TRAEs, as well as major compositions (f) of BSABs in patients with HPV-positive tumors. Histogram of antitumor activity (g) and a forest plot of survival outcomes (h) and incidence of grade ≥ 3 TRAEs, including major components (i) of BSABs and ICIs combination therapies in patients with prostate cancer. SD, stable disease; PSA 50 , percentage of people with a PSA decline rate of 50% or higher; DRD, DNA repair defects. The ORR, defined as a sum of CR and PR. A bar with a value of 0 means not mentioned in the article