Fig. 4

Dysregulation of cancer-associated signal pathway. A series of signal pathways collectively regulates the biological process in human malignancies, which is associated with the proliferation, invasion and therapeutic resistance. The signaling pathways mainly include NFκB, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, Notch, GAS6/AXL, TGF-β, MAPK, Hippo/YAP patwhay. Some miRNAs have ability to regulate the key members of these mentioned pathway, including JAK/STAT, GAS/AXL, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, NFκB,, TGF-β, Hippo/YAP, but there are no investigations about the interaction between miRNAs and Notch in ovarian cancer. The dysregulated cancer-associated signal pathway interfere with apoptosis, cell cycle, and immune status, resulting in multidrug resistance. Molecule targets in these pathway may provide a new approach for drug resistance in OC. The γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT, c-Myc targeting small molecule JQ1, an inhibitor of NFκB DHMEQ suppress the proliferation and induce apoptosis to reversing drug resistance in OC. (JQ1, novel cell-permeable small molecule; BAD, Bcl-2 antagonist of death; IKKα, inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB subunit-α; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; DHMEQ, Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin; MDSCs, Myeloid-derived suppressor cells; CSCs, cancer stem cells;BEZ235,a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor; DAPT, γ-secretase inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester)