Fig. 2

Performance of the mt-utDNA test in the clinical validation study. (A) Distribution of the UC-scores across pathological groups. The median values are depicted as black dots with the line range of the interquartile range. Statistical significance was assessed by the Wilcoxon rank sum test between the UCs and non-UCs. “benign” represented the urological benign disease group and “non-UC” represented the non-UC cancer group. (B) and (C) ROC curve plots of the mt-utDNA test for distinguishing UC patients from non-UC individuals, including those with benign urologic diseases or non-UC cancers (B), or from the subgroup of patients with benign urologic diseases (C). (D) Sensitivity of the mt-utDNA test for the indicated stage (left) or location (right) of UC tumors. Tumors of Ta stage were stratified as Ta-PUNLMP, Ta-LG and Ta-HG. (E) Specificity of the mt-utDNA test for the indicated types of benign urologic diseases (left) and non-UC cancers (right). (F) Sensitivity of the mt-utDNA test in UC patients with the indicated stage (left), grade (center), and location (right), in comparison with urine cytology. Statistical significance was assessed by Pearson’s Chi-squared test. (G) Specificity of the mt-utDNA test in non-UC participants with the indicated type of benign urologic diseases or non-UC cancers, in comparison with urine cytology. Statistical significance was assessed by Pearson’s Chi-squared test. Tumors combined with carcinoma in situ (CIS) were defined as Tis; UC, urothelial carcinoma; PUNLMP, papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential; LG, low grade; HG, high grade; AUC, area under the ROC curve; CI, confidence interval; BCa, bladder cancer; UTUC, upper tract urothelial carcinoma; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; n.s., no significance