Fig. 9

TRPM2-AS knockdown enhances the suppressive effects of DAPT on GBC tumors. A 2 × 10⁶ NOZ cells with/without TRPM2-AS knockdown were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. When tumor volume increased to 50–80 mm³, normal saline (NS) or DAPT (20 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally once every 2 days. Then the nude mice were euthanized, and the tumors were resected after 16 days. B-D Representative images and quantification of surgically removed GBC tumors in the control group and in the TRPM2-AS knockdown group with/without DAPT treatment (n = 5). E Immunohistochemical staining of microvascular density in disserted GBC tumors. Scale bar: 10/50 μm. F The lung metastasis model was constructed by injecting of 2 × 10⁶ control or TRPM2-AS knockdown NOZ cells intravenously, and the nude mice were euthanized, and the lung tissues were resected after 40 days by injection of saline or DAPT (20 mg/kg) once every 5 days. G Representative images of surgically removed lung tissues and H&E staining revealing lung metastasis in the control group and in the TRPM2-AS knockdown group with/without DAPT treatment. Scale bar: 300 μm (n = 5). H Immunohistochemical staining for detection of the microvascular density in disserted lung tissues. Scale bar: 50/200 μm. Data were assessed with one-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA and presented as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001