|
Challenge
|
PBS
|
NNK
|
NNK:PBS
|
NTHi
|
NTHi:PBS
|
NNK+NTHi
|
NNK+NTHi:PBS
|
|---|
|
Cytokines
|
|
TNF-α
|
13.4 ± 1.5
|
67.9 ± 9.5
|
5.1 *
|
59.4 ± 2.5
|
4.4 *
|
48.5 ± 5.2
|
3.6 *
|
|
IL-1β
|
4.1 ± 0.6
|
18.5 ± 1.2
|
4.5 *
|
21.2 ± 2.4
|
5.2 *
|
52.5 ± 4.9
|
12.8 *
|
|
IL-6
|
1.7 ± 0.4
|
4.1 ± 0.3
|
2.4 *
|
60.8 ± 17.5
|
35.7 *
|
128.3 ± 20.5
|
75.4 *
|
|
IFN-γ
|
8.8 ± 1.4
|
95.2 ± 11.7
|
10.8 *
|
59.1 ± 5.4
|
6.7 *
|
36.1 ± 3.2
|
4.1 *
|
|
IL-17
|
0.4 ± 0.1
|
1.1 ± 0.1
|
2.7 *
|
46.9 ± 1.9
|
117.2 *
|
19.9 ± 0.3
|
49.7 *
|
|
Chemokines
|
|
KC
|
4.7 ± 1.3
|
8.8 ± 1.8
|
1.9
|
9.7 ± 0.4
|
2.1
|
70.9 ± 10.6
|
15.1 *
|
|
MIP-1α
|
1.3 ± 0.3
|
2.7 ± 1.1
|
2.1
|
7.6 ± 0.7
|
5.8 *
|
13.8 ± 2.6
|
10.6 *
|
|
MIP-2
|
12.9 ± 0.3
|
22.8 ± 6.8
|
1.7
|
19.3 ± 1.1
|
1.5 *
|
44.3 ± 1.7
|
3.4 *
|
- Data are expressed in pg/ml and presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3), and *= P < 0.05
- BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; NNK, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone; NTHi, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta; IL-6, interleukin 6; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; IL-17, interleukin 17; KC, keratinocyte-derived chemokine; MIP-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha; MIP-2, macrophage inflammatory protein 2.
