Integrin αvβ3 and CD44 pathways in metastatic prostate cancer cells support osteoclastogenesis via a Runx2/Smad 5/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand signaling axis

Table 1 Expression of RANKL, RUNX2, Smad 5 and p-Smad 5 in prostatic carcinoma and normal tissue microarray sections

Grade	Cells	RUNX2	Smad 5	p-Smad 5	RANKL
Normal prostatic epithelial cells and PCa adjacent to these cells (n = 26)	Cancer cells appear normal	Normal cells = 63.0 ± 8%	Normal cells = 18.3 ± 6%	Normal cells = <6%	Normal cells = 22 ± 6.5%
		PCa = 28%	PCa = 33%	PCa = 16 ± 6%	PCa =12 ± 3.1%
		Stromal cells <5%	Stromal cells 8-10%		Stromal cells = <6%
Adenocarcinoma Grade 1 (n = 8) (Type: Malignant)	Cells appear normal and well differentiated	PCa = 60.7 ± 23%	PCa = 56.4 ± 8%**	PCa = 32 ± 5%**	PCa = 42 ± 8.4%**
Adenocarcinoma Grade 1 (n = 8) (Type: Malignant)	Cells appear normal and well differentiated	Stromal cells = <5%	Stromal cells =8%	Stromal cells = <5%	Stromal cells =12 ± 2.82%
Grade 2 (n = 12) (Type: Malignant)	Cells appear slightly different than normal	PCa = 71.3 ± 20%	PCa >63.3 ± 12%**	PCa >59 ± 14%**	PCa >46 ± 6.2%**
Grade 2 (n = 12) (Type: Malignant)	Cells appear slightly different than normal	Stromal cells ~5-8%	Stromal cells ~5%	Stromal cells ~5%	Stromal cells =10 ± 3.2%
Adenocarcinoma Grade 2–3 and 3 (n = 16) (Type:Malignant)	Cells appear abnormal Stroma is less.	PCa = 76 ± 8%	PCa >72 ± 11%**	PCa >78 ± 18%***	PCa = 65 ± 13%**

Prostatic carcinoma and normal tissue microarray containing 12 cases/24 cores was used. Stainings were repeated two times. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibody to RANKL, RUNX2, Smad 5 and phospho-Smad 5 (p-Smad5). **p <0.01 and ***p <0.001 staining intensity vs. normal cells.