Figure 2

Tylophorine inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and invasion and tube formation of HUVECs. (A) Effect of tylophorine on VEGF-induced cell motility (wound-healing assay). Confluent HUVEC monolayers on 0.1% gelatin-coated six-well plates were scratch wounded. The cells were treated with various concentrations of tylophorine with 0.5% FBS and 10 ng/mL VEGF for 16 h. Representative fields were photographed, × 100 magnification. Graph shows the quantitative effect of tylophorine on VEGF-induced HUVEC motility. Data were presented as mean ± SEM, n = 6 wells. ^##p < 0.01 VEGF-treated group versus no VEGF-treated group; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 versus VEGF-stimulated group. (B) Effect of tylophorine on VEGF-induced invasion of HUVEC through Matrigel in 24 h. Representative fields were photographed, × 100 magnification. Graph shows the quantitative effect of tylophorine on VEGF-induced HUVEC invasion. Data were presented as means ± SEM, n = 6 wells. ^## p < 0.01 VEGF-treated group versus no VEGF-treated group; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared with VEGF-stimulated group. (C) Effect of tylophorine on VEGF-induced capillary-like tube formation of HUVEC through Matrigel in 24 h. Representative fields were photographed, × 100 magnification. Graph shows the quantitative effect of tylophorine on VEGF-induced HUVEC tube formation. Data were presented as mean ± SEM, n = 6 wells. ^##p < 0.01 VEGF-treated group versus no VEGF-treated group; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 versus VEGF-stimulated group.