Figure 4
From: Serum N-glycome biomarker for monitoring development of DENA-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rat
A scheme for using the GlycoTest model to monitor progression of HCC in DENA rats. The GlyoTest model includes the following steps: (1) DENA administration, (2) blood sampling during progression of HCC, (3) serum N-glycan profiling using DSA-FACE, and (4) analysis of GlycoTest markers. The GlycoTest markers are as follows: a decrease in P5 indicates fibrosis progression; an increase in R5a and R5b indicates HCC progression; and an elevation of log(R5a/P1) and log(5Rb/P1) points to development of HCC.