Fig. 3From: Estrogen receptor α in cancer associated fibroblasts suppresses prostate cancer invasion via reducing CCL5, IL6 and macrophage infiltration in the tumor microenvironmentIn vivo tumor model demonstrated CAF ERα reduced macrophages infiltration and PCa cell invasion. Nude mice were orthotopically implanted with CAF.ERα(+) or CAF.ERα(−) mixed with CWR22Rv1 cells that were stably transfected with firefly luciferase (22Rv1-Luc). a Tumors were collected 12 weeks after implantation, and macrophage infiltration was examined by IHC staining of F4/80 (M1 macrophage, upper panel) and CD206 (M2 macrophage, lower panel) [30]. b Pelvic lymph nodes were collected from CAF.ERα(−)/22Rv1-Luc and CAF.ERα(+)/22Rv1-Luc co-cultured groups to determine metastasis by measuring sizes of lymph nodes. We confirmed, by IHC staining of luciferase, the presence of 22Rv1-Luc cells in the lymph nodes (lower panel). There were seven mice in each group. We defined pelvic lymph nodes as metastatic when the diameter was over 2 mm (upper panel) *, P < 0.05 vs. CAF.ERα(−)/22Rv1-Luc tumorsBack to article page