Long non-coding RNAs: potential new biomarkers for predicting tumor invasion and metastasis

Jiang, Chunyang; Li, Xin; Zhao, Hui; Liu, Huibin

doi:10.1186/s12943-016-0545-z

Molecular Cancer

Table 1 LncRNAs with experimental data supporting the functions of promoting tumor invasion and metastasis

From: Long non-coding RNAs: potential new biomarkers for predicting tumor invasion and metastasis

LncRNAs	Source (Tissues and/or cells)	Expression in patients	Related genes	Experimental data	Function	References
HOTAIR	Breast cancer, OSCC, GC, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ESCC, HCC, NSCLC, EOC, PCa, Colon cancer	Increased	PRC2, LSD1, H3K4, H3K27, HOXD10, PRG1, PCDH, WIF-1, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, MMP-9, VEGF, RBM38, EMT-related genes	Promote cell proliferation, increase invasion and metastasis, advanced clinical stage, bad prognosis	OG	[15–38]
MALAT1	Glioblastoma, Breast cancer, Lung cancer, ESCC, Pancreatic cancer, Kidney cancer, Bladder cancer, PCa, CRC, GC	Increased	WIF-1, N-Myc, JMJD1A, ATM-CHK2 pathway, p21 and p27, B-MYB, EMT-related genes, TGF-β, AKAP-9, SFPQ, PTBP2, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, miR-9, MEK/extracellular signaling	Increase tumorigenicity, promote cell proliferation, increase invasion and metastasis, advanced clinical stage, bad prognosis, inhibit cell cycle and apoptosis	OG	[39–57]
H19	GC, Ovarian cancer, Endometrial cancer, Bladder cancer, Epithelial cell	Increased	miR-675, ISM1, CALN1, let-7, HMGA2, c-Myc, Hmga2, Igf2bp3, EZH2, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, HGF/SF	Promote cell proliferation, increase invasion and metastasis	OG	[21, 58–64]
BANCR	Malignant melanoma, Lung cancer, Retinoblastoma, CRC	Increased		Promote cell proliferation, increase invasion and metastasis, advanced clinical stage	OG	[65–67]
CCAT1 & CCAT2	HCC, GC, Breast cancer	Increased	let-7, HMGA2, c-Myc, TPM1, BTG2	Promote cell proliferation, increase invasion and metastasis	OG	[68–70]
UCA1	TSCC, ESCC, CRC, Bladder cancer, Malignant melanoma	Increased		Promote cell proliferation, increase invasion and metastasis, inhibit cell cycle and apoptosis, advanced clinical stage, poor prognosis	OG	[56, 71–74]
FOXCUT	BLBC, OSCC, ESCC	Increased	FOXC1	Promote cell proliferation and colony formation, increase invasion and metastasis, advanced clinical stage	OG	[75–77]
AFAP1-AS1; HNF1A-AS1	EAC	Increased		Increase tumorigenicity	OG	[78, 79]
PEG10	Esophageal cancer cells	Increased		Inhibit apoptosis, increase invasion	OG	[80]
SPRY4-IT1; TUG1	ESCC	Increased	MAPK signaling pathway	Promote cell proliferation, increase invasion and metastasis, inhibit apoptosis, advanced clinical stage, poor prognosis	OG	[81–83]
SDMGC	GC	Increased	TRIM16	Promotes invasion and metastasis	OG	[84]
GAPLINC	GC	Increased	CD44	Promotes metastasis	OG	[85]
91H	CRC	Increased		Promotes migration, invasion and distant metastasis, poor prognosis	OG	[86]
ZXF1	Lung adenocarcinoma	Increased		Promotes migration, invasion and metastasis	OG	[87]
GHSROS; CARLo-5; AF118081	NSCLC	Increased		Promote cell proliferation, increase invasion and metastasis	OG	[88–90]
XIST	GSCs	Increased	miR-152	Promote cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis	OG	[91]
HIT; linc-ROR	Breast cancer	Increased	TGF-β signaling, EMT-related genes, certain miRNAs	Increase tumorigenicity, promote cell proliferation, increase invasion and metastasis	OG	[92, 93]
Loc554202	Breast cancer	Increased	LATS2, TNFAIP1	Promote cell proliferation, increase invasion and metastasis, inhibit apoptosis, advanced clinical stage	OG	[94]
BCAR4	Breast cancer	Increased	SNIP1, PNUTS, CCL21	Promotes cell metastasis	OG	[95]
RCCRT1	RCC	Increased		Promote invasion and metastasis, advanced clinical stage	OG	[96]
linc-UBC1; UCA1a (CUDR)	Bladder cancer	Increased		Promote tumorigenicity and colony formation, promote cell proliferation, increase invasion and metastasis, advanced clinical stage, bad prognosis	OG	[97, 98]
SChLAP1; linc00963; PCGEM1; PCAT18	PCa	Increased	EGFR signaling, p-AKT, miR-145, caspase 3/7	Promote tumorigenicity, promote cell proliferation, increase invasion and metastasis, inhibit apoptosis	OG	[99–102]
EBIC	Cervical cancer		EZH2, E-cadherin	Promote invasion and metastasis	OG	[103]
HOST2; TC0101441	Ovarian cancer	Increased	let-7b	Promote cell proliferation, increase invasion and metastasis	OG	[104, 106]
ZNF300P1	Ovarian cancer	Decreased		Promote cell proliferation and colony formation, increase metastasis	OG	[105]

Abbreviations: OSCC oral squamous cell carcinoma, GC gastric cancer, ESCC esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer, EOC epithelial ovarian cancer, PCa prostate cancer, CRC colorectal cancer, TSCC tongue squamous cell carcinoma, BLBC basal-like breast cancer, OSCC oral squamous cell carcinoma, EAC esophageal adenocarcinoma, GSCs glioblastoma stem cells, RCC renal cell carcinoma, OG oncogene

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ISSN: 1476-4598

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