Table 1 Identified liver CSC markers and their functions
Marker | Author (year) | Function in liver CSCs | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
CD133 | S. Ma [4] | Regulation of neurotensin/IL-8/CXCL1 signaling | |
CD90 | Z. Yang [5] | Not reported | |
CD44 | Z. Yang [6] | Regulation of TGF-beta-mediated EMT, Reduction of ROS through xCT stabilization | |
OV6 | W. Yang [7] | Not reported | [7] |
EpCAM | T. Yamashita [8] | Activation of Wnt signaling, Induction of Wnt-regulated CSC-like gene signature | |
CD13 | N. Haraguchi [9] | Cell protection from apoptosis via the ROS scavenger pathway | [9] |
CD24 | T. K. Lee [10] | STAT3-mediated NANOG regulation | [10] |
DLK1 | X. Xu [11] | Not reported | [11] |
α2δ1 | W. Zhao [12] | Calcium influx regulation function through L- and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels | [12] |
ICAM1 | S. Liu [13] | Not reported | [13] |
CD47 | T. K. Lee [14] | Regulation of CSC properties by cathepsin S/protease-activated receptor 2 paracrine loop | [14] |
Lgr5 | Z. J. Lei [15] | Not reported | [15] |
Keratin19 | T. Kawai [16] | Not reported | [16] |