Table 4 Partial list of commercially available circulating tumor markers for urologic malignancies
From: Liquid biopsy: a step forward towards precision medicine in urologic malignancies
Test name | Molecules assessed | Cancer type | Clinical application | Biological fluid tested | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CELLSEARCH® CTC Test | CTCa | Prostate | Prognostic for patients with metastatic prostate cancer | Blood | [44] |
PROGENSA PCA3 Test | lncRNA PCA3 | Prostate | Diagnostic for prostate cancer patients with previous negative biopsy (Determine need for repeat biopsy) | Urine | [73] |
Prostate Health Index (PHI) | Protein (total PSA, free PSA, and [-2] proPSA) | Prostate | Diagnostic for prostate cancer patients with a PSA between 4 and 10 ng/mL | Blood | [94] |
4KScore | Protein (total PSA, free PSA, intact PSA, and human KLK 2) | Prostate | Prognostic (Assess risk for aggressive prostate cancer) | Blood | [95] |
ImmunoCyt™ Test | Protein (mucins and HMW carcinoembryonic antigen) | Bladder | Diagnostic for G1, G2 and G3 bladder cancer patients with positive urine cytology | Urine | [96] |
Aura Tek FDP Test™ | Protein (fibrin degradation product) | Bladder | Predictive of bladder cancer recurrence | Urine | [97] |
ExoDx™ Prostate (IntelliScore) | Exosomal RNA | Prostate | Prognostic for high-grade prostate cancer at the time of biopsy and at surgery | Urine | [117] |