Table 1 List of HGF/c-MET inhibitors currently used in melanoma treatment with references to the in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies

AMG-337

ATP-competitive, highly selective inhibitor of the c-Met receptor

No

[73]

AMG-458

Potent inhibitor of the c-Met, VEGFR-2, and IGF-I signaling pathways

No

[74]

Cabozantinib (XL184, BMS-907351)

Inhibitor of tyrosine kinases including VEGF receptors, c-Met and AXL

In vitro In vivo – clinical trial NCT00940225 NCT01835184

([39, 87, 88], https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00940225, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01835184)

Crizotinib (PF-02341066)

Potent inhibitor of the c-Met and ALK

In vitro In vivo – clinical trial NCT02223819 (uveal melanoma)

(https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02223819, [89])

Foretinib (EXEL-2880)

ATP-competitive inhibitor of the c-Met and VEGFR

In vitro Animal study

[78]

MK-2461

Multi-targeted inhibitor of the c-Met (WT/mutants), c-Met (Y1235D), c-Met (Y1230C), c-Met (N1100)

No

PF-04217903

Selective ATP-competitive c-Met inhibitor

In vitro

[90]

PHA-665752

Inhibitor of Y1234 and Y1235 in catalytic region of the c-Met

In vitro

[80, 81]

SU11274

Selective inhibitor of Y1234 and Y1235 in catalytic region of the c-Met

In vitro Animal study

[65, 66, 69]

Tivantinib (ARQ 197)

Non-ATP-competitive c-Met inhibitor binding to the dephosphorylated c-Met kinase in vitro

In vitro In vivo – clinical trial NCT00827177

([66], https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00827177)