Fig. 1

Structure and preparation of CAR-T cells. CARs can be divided into 3 main portions, that is, an extracellular antigen-binding domain followed by a space region, a transmembrane domain, and intracellular signaling domain. The four major steps are as follows: (1) isolation, in which PBMCs is harvested from the patient or donor’s peripheral blood; (2) modification, in which the T cells were activated and CARs are transduced into the activated T cells by way of lentiviral; (3) expression, in which the modified T cells expanded ex vivo to obtain clinically relevant cell numbers; and (4) reinfusion, in which the modified T cell that has reached the desired dose were reinfused into the previously lymphocyte-depleted patient