Fig. 3
From: Effects of tumor metabolic microenvironment on regulatory T cells
Effect of glycolysis on Tregs. CD28 on the surface of Tregs is activated to promote GCK expression via PI3K/mTORC2, GCK, and actin, which can promote cytoskeletal remodeling, and GCK can promote glycolysis to provide energy. Upon stimulation of TLR1/2 or IL-2R on the Treg surface, activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway promotes Glut1 expression on the cell membrane surface and promotes glycolysis to promote proliferation. Akt inhibits the function of Tregs by inhibiting the expression of Foxp3, which in turn inhibits the transcription factor Foxo1/3. Foxp3 inhibits glycolysis by inhibiting the signaling pathway of PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 and the expression of Myc. AMPK in Tregs inhibits glycolysis by suppressing mTORC1