Table 1 Small molecules and their effect on exosome release in cancer cells
From: Mechanisms associated with biogenesis of exosomes in cancer
Treatment | Effect on exosome secretion | Cancer cell type |
|---|---|---|
GW4869 | Decreases No effect | Bladder cancer cells (T24) [63] Epidermal cancer cells (A431) [39] Liver cancer cells (Huh7) [64] Melanoma cells (B16BL6) [65] Multiple myeloma cells (OPM2) [62] Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC61) [56] Prostate cancer cells (22RV1 and PC3) [66] Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumors (mEERL) [67] Breast cancer cells (MDA MB 231) [49] Prostate cancer cells (PC3) [70] |
C6 ceramide | Increases | Multiple myeloma cells (OPM2) [62] |
Hypoxia | Increases | Breast cancer cells (MCF7, SKBR3 and MDA MB 231) [80] |
Shikonin | Decreases | Lung cancer cells (A549) [83] |
Acidic pH/ protein pump inhibitors | Increases | Melanoma cells (Mel1-Mel3, Me665/1, MelP1-MelP3 and WM983A) [84, 85] |
Tunicamycin | Increases | Cervical cancer cells (HeLa) [90] |
Monensin | Increases | Leukemia cells (K562) [94] |
Irradiation | Increases | Prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, 22Rv1 and DU145) [97] |
UV radiation | Increases | Colon cancer cells (HCT116) [99] |
Doxorubicin | Increases | Prostate cancer cells (PC3) [100] |
Photodynamic treatment | Increases | Prostate cancer cells (PC3) [100] |
Tipifarnib | Decreases | Prostate cancer cells (C4-2B) [106] |
Melphalan | Increases | Multiple myeloma cells (SKO-007) [102] |
CI-1033/ PF-00299804 | Increases | Glioma cells (U373) [39] |
Manumycin A | Decreases | Prostate cancer cells (C4-2B) [66] |